Image super resolution model enabled by wavelet lifting with optimized deep convolutional neural network

This paper plans to develop an intelligent super resolution model with the linkage of Wavelet lifting scheme and Deep learning algorithm. Before initiating the resolution procedure, the entire HR images are converted into Low Resolution (LR) images using bicubic interpolation-based downsampling and upsampling. Further, the Wavelet lifting scheme helps to generate the four subbands of each image like LR wavelet Sub-Bands for LR images, and High Resolution (HR) wavelet Sub-Bands for HR images. The residual image is generated by taking the difference between the LR wavelet Sub-Bands and HR wavelet Sub-Bands images. The proposed model involves two main phases: Training phase and Testing. The training phase trains the residual image of all images by Deep Convolutional Neural Network with LR wavelet Sub-Bands as input and residual image as target. On the other hand, in testing phase, the LR wavelet Sub-Bands query image is subjected to Deep Convolutional Neural Network, which outputs the concerned residual image. This generated residual image is summed with LR wavelet Sub-Bands image, followed by inverse wavelet lifting scheme to obtain the final super resolution image. The main contribution of this paper is to improve the conventional Deep Convolutional Neural Network by optimizing the number of hidden layer, and hidden neurons using modified Whale Optimization Algorithm called Average Fitness Enabled Whale Optimization Algorithm by considering the objective of maximizing the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Finally, the proposed method achieves an improved quality of the results which is comparable the existing models.     

采用MEMS技术高选择性、电子调谐式低温滤波器

描述了一种使用HTS/AuMEMS 开关电容器阵的低插损电子调谐式滤波器。同步将每个谐振器的电容值以相同变化量变化,两极滤波器就得到调谐。单极谐振器在3500～5000之间的K 系数得到了证明。在77K 平均Q 值为7000 时的总调谐范围大约为25%。     

Size dependent effects of antifungal phytogenic silver nanoparticles on germination,growth and biochemical parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L), maize (Zea mays L) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)

Advancement in materials synthesis largely depends up on their diverse applications and commercialisation. Antifungal effects of phytogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evident, but the reports on the effects of the same on agricultural crops are scant. Herein, we report for the first time, size dependent effects of phytogenic AgNPs (synthesised using Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract) on the germination, growth and biochemical parameters of three important agricultural crops viz., rice (Oryza sativa L), maize (Zea mays L) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). AgNPs with varied sizes were prepared by changing the concentration and quantity of the Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract. As prepared AgNPs were characterized using the techniques, such as high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, particle size and zeta potential analyser. The measured (dynamic light scattering technique) average sizes of particles are ranging from 68.5 to 116 nm. Fourier transform infrared studies confirmed the participation of alcohols, aldehydes and amides in the reduction and stabilisation of the AgNPs. Application of these AgNPs to three agricultural crop seeds (rice, maize and peanut) resulted in size dependent effects on their germination, growth and biochemical parameters such as, chlorophyll content, carotenoid and protein content. Further, antifungal activity of AgNPs also evaluated against fungi, Aspergillus niger.Inspec keywords: antibacterial activity, silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, biochemistry, crops, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, electrokinetic effects, organic compounds, particle size, plant diseases, microorganismsOther keywords: fungi, Aspergillus niger, size 68.5 nm to 116 nm, silver particles, phytoextract, amide functional groups, aldehydes, alcohols, Fourier transform infrared studies, zeta potential analyser, particle size, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Stevia plant leaf extract, agricultural crops, antifungal effects, materials synthesis, Arachis hypogaea L, peanut, Zea mays L, maize, Oryza sativa L, rice, biochemical parameters, growth, germination, antifungal phytogenic silver nanoparticles, size dependent effects     

Optimization Analysis of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing System over Generalized $$\kappa -\mu $$ κ - μ and $$\eta -\mu $$ η - μ Fading Channels

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper presents, optimization analysis of energy detection based cooperative spectrum sensing system (CSSS) with hard-decision combining. Several system...     

Study of interdiffusion and growth of topologically closed packed phases in the Co–Nb system

Interdiffusion study of the Co–Nb system is conducted to determine the diffusion parameters in different phases. The integrated diffusion coefficients at different temperatures are calculated for the Nb₂Co₇ phase, which has very narrow composition range. The interdiffusion coefficients at different compositions in the NbCo₂ Laves phase are determined. The interdiffusion coefficient in this phase decreases with increasing Nb content to the stoichiometric composition. Further, the average interdiffusion coefficient in the N₆Co₇-μ phase is determined. The activation energies for diffusion in different phases are calculated, providing valuable information regarding the diffusion mechanism. In addition, an experiment using Kirkendall markers is conducted to calculate the relative mobilities of the species.     

Investigation of directional effects on the electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites obtained by extrusion

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polypropylene (PP) composites obtained by extrusion are investigated, with particular attention to the possible directional effects generated during the extrusion process. This is accomplished by investigating the electrical and electromechanical responses of the nanocomposites at three MWCNT weight concentrations (3, 4 and 5 wt%) in three directions, viz. the extrusion direction, transverse to extrusion (in-plane) and through thickness. Higher electrical conductivity in the extrusion direction was more evident for the lowest MWCNT content. However, the piezoresistive sensitivity was similar in all directions. Films with 4 wt% showed the highest piezoresistive sensitivity, reaching gage factors of?~?4.5 for strains between 0 and 0.8%, and?~?10.2 for strains between 1 and 3%. After an initial drop in the electrical resistance, concomitant with stress relaxation, the changes in electrical resistance showed large reproducibility. Digital image correlation conducted during cyclic piezoresistive testing at 0.8% strain indicates small accumulation of local plasticity as the number of cycles increases, especially in zones near the electrodes. These irreversible changes in the material are expected to trigger the permanent changes in the electrical resistance measured.

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The use of slow releasing nanoparticle encapsulated Azadirachtin formulations for the management of Caryedon serratus O. (groundnut bruchid)

Nanobiotechnology is one of the emerging fields and its interventions in agriculture is been attracting the scientific community. Herein, the authors first to report on control of groundnut bruchid (Caryedon serratus O.) using nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnONPs) particles and nanoscale chitosan (CNPs) particles‐based Azadirachtin formulations. ZnONPs and CNPs were prepared using sol–gel and ion tropic gelation techniques, respectively. Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% and Neem oil (3000 and 1000 ppm) were encapsulated using the prepared nanoscale materials and characterised using the techniques such as dynamic light scattering, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Spherical‐shaped nanoparticles were formed after encapsulation with the required bio‐materials (ZnONPs 33.1 nm; CNPs 78.8 nm; neem oil encapsulated (3000 ppm) ZnONPs 182.9 nm; NSKE encapsulated ZnONPs 84.9 nm) and observed that the particles are stable (52.3 mV for ZnONPs, −36.2 mV for CNPs, −43.0 mV for neem oil encapsulated (3000 ppm) ZnONPs and −39.4 mV for NSKE encapsulated ZnONPs). NSKE encapsulated CNPs were able to contain groundnut bruchid up to 180 days with 54.61% weight loss compared to other formulations tested. Thus biomaterial encapsulated nanoscale material formulations are proved to be effective in controlling stored grain pests to reduce huge economic losses.Inspec keywords: nanobiotechnology, agricultural products, toxicology, agrochemicals, food safety, sol‐gel processing, food preservation, agriculture, II‐VI semiconductors, storage, nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy, encapsulation, nanofabrication, zinc compounds, wide band gap semiconductors, food processing industry, light scattering, materials preparation, pest control, nanocompositesOther keywords: voltage ‐36.2 mV, voltage ‐43.0 mV, voltage ‐39.4 mV, voltage 52.3 mV, size 84.9 nm, size 182.9 nm, size 78.8 nm, size 33.1 nm, NSKE, neem seed kernel extract, caryedon serratus O., CNPs, bio‐materials, nanoscale materials, nanoparticle, encapsulation, spherical‐shaped nanoparticles, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, neem oil, ion tropic gelation techniques, sol–gel, nanoscale chitosan particles, nanoscale zinc oxide particles, scientific community, groundnut bruchid, Azadirachtin formulations, biomaterial encapsulated nanoscale material formulations