Double pyrovanadates CaMgV2O7: Formation mechanism,phase structure,and thermodynamic properties

A double pyrovanadate CaMgV₂O₇ sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state route under an air atmosphere. The nonequilibrium formation pathways of the CaMgV₂O₇ were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction. A multistep reactions path (metavanadates–pyrovanadates–double pyrovanadate CaMgV₂O₇) was proposed to describe the formation of the CaMgV₂O₇ considering the thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The cell unit parameters of the CaMgV₂O₇ sample indicated the crystallization according to a monoclinic system with space group P12/c1(14), and the lattice parameters of a = 6.756 Å, b = 14.495 Å, c = 11.253 Å, β = 99.12, and V = 108.806 Å³. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the +5 oxidation state vanadium in CaMgV₂O₇. The endothermic effects at 1033 and 1143 K were related to the incongruent melting and liquidus temperatures of CaMgV₂O₇, respectively. The comprehensive thermodynamic properties of CaMgV₂O₇ were established in both low- and high-temperature regions, utilizing a physical property measurement system and multi-high-temperature calorimetry (96 lines). The heat capacity (200 J mol K⁻¹) and entropy (198 J mol K⁻¹) at 298.15 K were computed based on the low-temperature heat capacity values, and the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K was also estimated. The fitted high-temperature capacity can be used to obtain the changes in the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. This study is part of building a reliable thermodynamic database of the CaO–MgO–V₂O₅ system.     

基于SOI衬底的宽带低损耗声表面波滤波器研究

使用结构为42°Y-X LiTaO₃(600 nm)/SiO₂(500 nm)/Si的SOI衬底，通过抑制横向模式等优化设计，研制了单端谐振器和声表面波滤波器。经测试，谐振器的谐振频率为1.5 GHz，品质因数(Q)值高达4 000；滤波器的中心频率为1 370 MHz，插入损耗为-1.2 dB，1 dB带宽为74 MHz，相对带宽达到5.4%，阻带抑制大于40 dB，且温度系数在-55~+85 ℃时优于-9×10^-6/℃。该产品具有高频、宽带、低损耗、低温漂、高阻带抑制的特点，其性能指标优异，具有很好的实用性。     

分析化学实验课程中融入思政教育的探索与实践

高校专业课程思政建设要求落实立德树人和铸魂育人的根本任务,将实践教育和科学精神的培养相结合,培养专业扎实,具有责任感和使命意识的人才,构建全课程全方位的育人教育。分析化学实验课是化学必修的实践课程,从课前准备、实验操作以及课后探讨分析中,将课程思政教育渐进式融入,帮助学生构建将小我融入大我的科学精神和使命意识,真正将教书和育人有机统一,培育科学创新和理想信念坚定的专业人才。     

双亲纳米SiO2颗粒的制备及提高渗吸采收率性能

以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂，以双氧水为氧化剂，在水基环境下对亲水纳米SiO2颗粒表面进行改性，得到具有磺酸基和辛基的双亲纳米SiO2颗粒，并通过红外和热重对其化学结构和热稳定性进行分析。将双亲纳米SiO2颗粒分散在地层水中制备纳米流体，并评价纳米流体的稳定性、界面性质和渗吸效率。利用核磁共振技术探究纳米流体渗吸过程中岩心孔隙内原油运移规律。结果表明，纳米流体储存30 d未出现分层现象，表现出良好的稳定性；经纳米流体处理的岩心亲水性增强。此外，双亲纳米SiO2颗粒将油水界面张力降低至1.7 mN/m；纳米流体渗吸采收率高达22.6%，渗吸初始阶段小孔隙中的原油被动用，而在渗吸后期阶段大孔隙中的原油才被动用。     

苯乙烯化工装置场地岩土及地下水指标分析及应用

通过对苯乙烯装置场区的岩土结构进行承载力试验,并对岩土及地下水进行化学离子分析及水压试验,定量评价岩土及地下水的特征.结果表明:泥岩的重力密度、黏聚力最大,残积土的黏聚力和承载力最大,粉质黏土的压缩模量最大;SO42-和HCO4-二者质量分数相对较高,特别是粉砂中,可见具有一定的腐蚀性,其中粉质黏土的pH值为6.57,显酸性,而粉土和粉砂的pH值大于7,略显碱性.开展岩土载荷试验,得出随着荷载值的增加、施加荷载时间的增大,岩土的累积变形尺寸逐渐增大,值域在0～35之间.显示SO42-和HCO4-是地下水中的主要成分,地层水的pH值小于7,地层水主要以弱酸性为主,其对构建物及地基有腐蚀作用,因此须要对地基岩土进行防腐处理,保持地基的抗腐蚀性.地下水随压力的升高,流量相应增大,结合地下实际流量值采取相应排水措施和装置,防止地下岩土层遭到破坏,从而保证苯乙烯装置的顺利安装和安全生产.     

Solution-Synthesized Multifunctional Janus Nanotree Microswimmer

Synthetic active matters are perfect model systems for non-equilibrium thermodynamics and of great potential for novel biomedical and environmental applications. However, most applications are limited by the complicated and low-yield preparation, while a scalable synthesis for highly functional microswimmers is highly desired. In this paper, an all-solution synthesis method is developed where the gold-loaded titania-silica nanotree can be produced as a multi-functional self-propulsion microswimmer. By applying light, heat, and electric field, the Janus nanotree demonstrated multi-mode self-propulsion, including photochemical self-electrophoresis by UV and visible light radiation, thermophoresis by near-infrared light radiation, and induced-charge electrophoresis under AC electric field. Due to the scalable synthesis, the Janus nanotree is further demonstrated as a high-efficiency, low-cost, active adsorbent for water decontamination, where the toxic mercury ions can be reclaimed with enhanced efficiency.     

Compliance-based testing method for fatigue crack propagation rates of mixed-mode I–II cracks

Science China Technological Sciences - Mixed-mode I-II crack-based fatigue crack propagation (FCPI-II) usually occurs in engineering structures; however, no theoretical formula or effective...     

Synthesis and performance evaluation of a new drag reducer based on acrylamide/12-allyloxydodecyl acid sodium

Hydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a field-proven stimulation technology used in tight reservoirs. Because of the high pumping rate associated with slickwater fracturing, drag reduction (DR) is critical in minimizing pressure drop and the success of oilfield operations. In this paper, a new type of drag reducer (SPR) was synthesized with acrylamide and 12-allyloxydodecyl acid sodium, and its drag reduction performance was evaluated. The results showed that the new drag reducer features low molecular weight, fast-dissolving rate and low interfacial tension. The algorithm of estimating the drag reduction rate of non-Newtonian fluid SPR was proposed and validated. Empirical or semianalytical models for estimating the friction ratio (σ) or friction factor (λ or f) were used to simulate the turbulence behavior of the SPR drag reducer under different Reynolds numbers (Re). The modified Virk's correlation could accurately model the turbulent behavior of the SPR drag reducer. A unified calculation formula was established in this study for different pipe diameters.     

典型石油污染土壤中PAHs污染特征分析

为探讨废弃井场中土壤PAHs污染状况,采取江汉油田废弃井场土壤样品,对16种PAHS的质量分数及组成特征和垂直分布特征进行研究.结果表明:分析样品中∑16PAHs质量分数范围0.0084～2.5956μg·g-1,146号采样点PAHs质量分数均大于147号采样点,PAHS组成多以2～3环为主,∑16PAHs和单体分布基本一致,其中土壤层位在0～20 cm时,菲(Phe)、荧蒽(Flu)、屈(chr)占比较大,为主要污染物;147号采样点,PAHs多以5～6环为主,屈(Chry)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)占比较大,土壤∑16PAHs和单体质量分数随深度增加而减小.通过单组分比值(Ant/(Ant+Phe))的分析得出,146号采样点土壤中PAHs多为石油源,而147号采样点土壤中的PAHs多为燃烧源,且Fla/(Fla+Pyr)比值大于0.5,说明来源于煤、植物、木炭燃烧.