基于三相感应电机的小型化超低频发射天线研究

针对低频电磁传输中天线尺寸过大的问题，设计了一种基于三相感应电机的小型化超低频发射天线.电机工作时产生了时变低频电磁场，可作为超低频发射天线.为有效分析其电磁场分布，文章建立旋转磁偶极子数学模型以等效电机内部旋转时产生的磁场.首先，对电机内部磁场和旋转磁偶极子的关系进行阐述，利用麦克斯韦方程组，得到旋转磁偶极子的电磁场分布.其次，通过电磁仿真软件验证旋转磁偶极子的近场分布特性和远场辐射特性.最后，通过实验对电机近场的磁场分布进行验证.仿真和实测结果表明，三相感应电机具有超低频天线的辐射特性.     

基于FBG和BP神经网络的声发射定位方法

针对传统基于神经网络的声发射定位选择的样本不具有广泛代表性的问题,提出了基于光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,简称FBG)传感和反向传播(back propagation,简称BP)神经网络的声发射定位技术。该方法使用提取的窄带信号间时差作为样本,无需考虑损伤特性及波速对定位的影响,同时使用Levenberg-Marquardt(简称LM)算法训练样本,提高了BP神经网络的训练速度。在500mm×500mm的铝合金板上进行实验,声发射定位的平均误差为6.65mm,验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

激光无线能量传输接收系统二次聚光研究

为了克服激光无线能量传输接收系统中聚焦光斑能量分布不均匀、光斑形状不匹配的缺陷,设计并加工了一种梯形二次聚光器。依据边缘光线理论分析了梯形二次激光器的设计原理,利用Tracepro软件进行了仿真,采用直角梯形拼接的方法加工成梯形二次聚光器。在激光无线传能系统中对梯形二次聚光器进行了实验研究,对比了菲涅耳透镜单次聚光和与梯形二次聚光器组合聚光时对激光电池效率的影响。实验得出,在激光电池接收功率一致的情况下,菲涅耳透镜与梯形二次聚光器组合产生的聚焦光斑能使激光电池的转换效率值提高6%~7%;在计入二次聚光器损耗后,激光电池的转换效率值提高2%~3%。结果表明:梯形二次聚光器的使用可以提升激光无线传能系统接收端的性能。     

无人机激光无线能量传输APT系统跟踪设计

无人机激光无线能量传输捕获、瞄准、跟踪(APT)系统是系统接收端获得稳定能源的保障。为了解决能量传输过程中充电链路高效可靠的问题, 结合无人机激光能量传输系统特点及实际需求, 在设计中建立自适应感兴趣区域, 提高图像处理速度, 降低噪声, 准确提取目标坐标; 综合考虑多重误差后通过Kalman预测算法实现稳定跟踪, 并根据系统特点提出了系统功率传输效率的计算方案。结果表明, 当无人机飞行速率在18km/h内, 该APT系统能够在300m~500m距离准确跟踪无人机, 跟踪精度在320μrad内。该方案能够保证激光能量传输过程的跟踪精度与可靠性。     

基于立体视觉的空间非合作航天器相对位姿自主测量

本文提出一种基于立体视觉的空间非合作航天器相对位姿自主测量方法,用以解决在轨捕获中非合作航天器的相对位姿测量问题。该方法以航天器本体和星箭对接环作为识别特征,识别过程无需人员参与;同时,提出一种基于空间几何约束的特征匹配方法,运用空间几何约束引导匹配,在完成匹配的同时可直接获取特征的三维信息,实现特征匹配与重构的一体化;最后,利用空间向量对非合作航天器的相对位姿参数进行解算,充分利用冗余信息,以提高解算精度。实验结果表明,在航天器本体尺寸为280mm、相对距离为2m的条件下,本文方法的姿态测量误差小于1.5°,位置测量误差小于4mm,能够满足空间非合作航天器在轨捕获的相对位姿测量要求。     

An FBG acoustic emission source locating system based on PHAT and GA

Using the acoustic emission locating technology to monitor the health of the structure is important for ensuring the continuous and healthy operation of the complex engineering structures and large mechanical equipment. In this paper, four fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to establish the sensor array to locate the acoustic emission source. Firstly, the nonlinear locating equations are established based on the principle of acoustic emission, and the solution of these equations is transformed into an optimization problem. Secondly, time difference extraction algorithm based on the phase transform (PHAT) weighted generalized cross correlation provides the necessary conditions for the accurate localization. Finally, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the optimization model. In this paper, twenty points are tested in the marble plate surface, and the results show that the absolute locating error is within the range of 10 mm, which proves the accuracy of this locating method.     

Hypervelocity impact monitoring and location identification on aluminum plate based on FBG sensing system

To achieve the real-time detecting and localization of hypervelocity impact events, a monitoring and localization system was designed based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network. First, the simulation model was built to study the damage evolution and wave propagation process. Subsequently, based on the response mechanism of FBG to strain, the corresponding high frequency demodulation system was designed. Furthermore, a hypervelocity impact experiment was performed to verify the effectiveness of the designed system. Finally, combined with the diamond sensor array localization algorithm, the accurate position of hypervelocity impact source can be achieved.