溶解和离子交换反应中K+的快速测定

离子溶液中快速传递及反应动力学过程的跟踪研究在实验上较为困难 ,为此基于离子选择性电极建立溶液中离子活度即时采集系统 ,并结合活度系数模型准确计算离子浓度 .该方法测定速度快 ,最小间隔为 1s,且所得离子浓度最大偏差小于 2 % .用此方法测定了硫酸钾溶解过程以及钛酸钾离子交换反应过程中钾离子浓度的变化 ,获得传统方法难以测定的数分钟内相关动态过程受溶剂、pH值的影响结果 .该方法可推广应用于研究其他各种动态过程 (如溶解、结晶、沉淀、离子交换、吸附和扩散等过程 )     

化工设计中数据表格的二维检索和内插技术

化工设计过程中需要查阅大量的数据图表,并进行相应的估算,过程繁琐且计算精度不高。本工作以热力学数据的普遍化关联为对象,编制程序实现了二维表格的自动检索和内插,输入温度和压力等参数即可计算出相关物质的压缩因子、剩余焓、剩余熵以及逸度系数等热力学性质。这种表格的二维检索和内插技术,对于其它表格的高效使用以及数据手册的电子化利用具有积极意义。     

基于应变传递率的管道结构损伤识别研究

为了研究海底管道损伤识别的分布式监测方法,在标量传递率概念的基础上提出了应变传递率概念和相应的损伤识别方法来对海底管道进行损伤识别,并通过有限元模型模拟对该方法进行了验证。对管道模型的不同损伤程度进行了分析,对比发现该方法相比加速度传递率和理论传递率对损伤程度更加灵敏。对不同边界条件进行分析,发现该方法对损伤位置的识别不受边界条件的影响。对参考单元的选取进行了验证分析,验证了参考单元应选择远离反弯点的非损伤位置。     

具有纳米结构的TiO_2纤维光催化氧化活性

研究了具有纳米结构,高比表面的锐钛矿TiO2纤维在光催化降解苯酚体系中的氧化性能,发现其活性与P25相当;通过加羟基自由基猝灭剂证实了羟基自由基(HO.)对苯酚降解的贡献;而通过加空穴猝灭剂则观察到明显的空穴(h )效应。并通过K I氧化反应进一步研究了催化剂表面上的空穴效应,结果表明,TiO2纤维上的光生空穴比P25稳定,其空穴量子产率是后者的3.3倍。     

两项行业标准通过审定

受化工部委托,由我院周本省教授等负责起草的。水处理药剂阻垢性能的测定一鼓泡法”和沈鸿澧高工等负责起草的“工业循环冷却水中总氯的测定——碘量法”两项行业标准于1989年11月在我院举行的审查会上通过了审查。     

Sensor placement for structural damage detection with modal data

A new method is presented for prioritizing sensor locations for structural health monitoring (SHM). In view of the needs of SHM and damage detection,sensor locations are optimized for the purpose of both sensitivity for local damages and independence of the target mode. However,the two different optimization criterions lead to an inconsistency of the optimal result. Considering the structural response changes that result from damage,the relationship between the structural response and damage is deduced from the structural motion equation by a quasi-analytical mode. Based on the harmony between damage identifiability and mode observability,an object function is set up,including the information of mode independence and damage sensitivity. Utilizing the technique of singular value decomposition,an interior algorithm for the optimum sensor placement is proposed with the multiple objective criterions of minimizing the condition number of coefficient matrix and maximizing the fisher information matrix. A numerical example shows that this approach can effectively avoid the contradiction between the two different optimization criterions. Comparing with the result of single object,the result of damage detection from the optical sensor locations is much more accurate.     

CO2-H2O和CO2-H2O-NaCl 体系的相平衡研究进展

To study the feasibility of CO2 geological sequestration,it is needed to understand the complicated mul- tiple-phase equilibrium and the densities of aqueous solution with CO2 and multi-ions under wide geological condi- tions（273.15—473.15K,0—60MPa）,which are also essential for designing separation equipments in chemical or oil-related industries.For this purpose,studies on the relevant phase equilibria and densities are reviewed and analyzed and the method to improve or modify the existing model is suggested in order to obtain more reliable predictions in a wide temperature and pressure range.Besides,three different models（the electrolyte non random two-liquid（ELECNRTL）,the electrolyte NRTL combining with Helgeson model（ENRTL-HG）,Pitzer activity coefficient model combining with Helgeson model（PITZ-HG））are used to calculate the vapor-liquid phase equilib- rium of CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems.For CO2-H2O system,the calculation results agree with the experimental data very well at low and medium pressure（0—20MPa）,but there are great discrepancies above 20MPa.For the water content at 473.15K,the calculated results agree with the experimental data quite well.For the CO2-H2O-NaCl system,the PITZ-HG model show better results than ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models at the NaCl concentration of 0.52mol·L ^-1 .Bur for the NaCl concentration of 3.997mol·L ^-1 ,using the ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models gives better results than using the PITZ-HG model.It is shown that available experimental data and the thermodynamic calculations can satisfy the needs of the calculation of the sequestration capacity in the temperature and pressure range for disposal of CO2 in deep saline aquifers.More experimental data and more accurate thermodynamic calculations are needed in high temperature and pressure ranges（above 398.15K and 31.5MPa）.     

广州市中心城区污泥处置项目管理的实践探索

针对广州市中心城区污泥处置项目存在的若干问题,探索了价格审核、过程监管、地磅精确计量以及转运联单制度、外运单位与处置单位相对分离制度、价量联动制度以及安全生产等管理措施,有效解决了污泥的外运处置问题及突发性事件,确保了污水处理系统的正常运行.在实践管理中,提出了广州市中心城区污泥处置应尽快建设集中式的污泥处理处置中心和污泥处理数据库管理中心的管理思路,使污泥项目管理常规化、数字化和网络化.     

局部冲刷模态监测传感方法的优化设计

局部冲刷引起桥梁结构失效的情况时有发生,因此桥墩局部冲刷监测方法的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文提出一种基于FBG传感原理的局部冲刷模态监测方法,该方法通过建立频率与冲刷状态参量之间的耦合关系达到对局部冲刷全过程的实时监测。并应用ANSYS对不同材料属性和截面形状建立模型,进而分析计算结果对该监测方法进行优化,为其在实际工程中的应用提供了理论依据。     

木材热解过程的热化学平衡分析

基于Gibbs自由能最小化法,利用HSC Chemistry软件对木材热解过程进行了热化学平衡计算。讨论了温度对热化学平衡产物组成和比例的影响,并把热解过程划分为4个阶段。首次根据自发反应的判据即反应的Gibbs自由能变与温度关系讨论了产物相互之间反应,由此确定热解各个阶段可能发生的反应。最后总结了文献中实验研究温度对木材热解产物影响情况,并与计算结果比较,结果表明,所预测的不同温度下木材热解产物分布特性与前人的实验结果相似。