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1.
Lalitha Kodumudi Venkataraman Tingting Zhu Monica Pinto Salazar Kathrin Hofmann Aamir Iqbal Waidha J. C. Jaud Pedro B. Groszewicz Jürgen Rödel 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(5):2201-2212
Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large-volume applications of lead-free piezoceramics in high-power ultrasonics. Zn2+-doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1-y)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-yBaTiO3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn2+-doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance TF-R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in TF-R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High-resolution diffraction indicates that Zn2+-doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations. 相似文献
2.
Thea Lyseid Authen Andreas Wilden Jenny Halleröd Dimitri Schneider Fabian Kreft Giuseppe Modolo 《溶剂提取与离子交换》2021,39(1):1-17
ABSTRACT Studies have been performed with the purpose of determining the optimal solvent composition of a Chalmers grouped actinide extraction (CHALMEX) solvent for the selective co-extraction of transuranic elements in a novel Grouped ActiNide EXtraction (GANEX) process. The solvent is composed of 6,6’-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo-[1,2,4]-triazin-3-yl)-[2,2’]-bipyridine (CyMe4-BTBP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfone (FS-13). The performance of the system has been shown to significantly depend on the ratios of the two extracting agents and the diluent to one another. Furthermore, the performance of the determined optimal solvent (10 mM CyMe4-BTBP in 30% v/v TBP and 70% v/v FS-13) on various simulated PUREX raffinate solutions was tested. It was found that the solvent extracts all transuranic elements with high efficiency and good selectivity with regard to most other elements (fission products/activation products) present in the simulated PUREX raffinate solutions. Moreover, the solvent was found to extract a significant amount of acid. Palladium, silver, and cadmium were co-extracted along with the TRU-radionuclides, which has also been observed in other similar CHALMEX systems. The extraction of plutonium and uranium was preserved for all tested simulated PUREX raffinate solutions compared to experiments using trace amounts. 相似文献
3.
Jennie O'Loughlin Silvia Napolitano Fahad Alkhathami Cillian O'Beirne Daniel Marhöfer Megan O'Shaughnessy Prof. Orla Howe Prof. Matthias Tacke Dr. Marina Rubini 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(6):1093-1098
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem for public health and associated with increasing economic costs and mortality rates. Silver and silver-related compounds have been used for centuries due to their antimicrobial properties. In this work, we show that 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene silver(I) acetate/NHC*-Ag-OAc (SBC3) is a reversible, high affinity inhibitor of E. coli thioredoxin reductase (TrxR; Ki=10.8±1.2 nM). Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) tests with different E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains demonstrated that SBC3 can efficiently inhibit bacterial cell growth, especially in combination with established antibiotics like gentamicin. Our results show that SBC3 is a promising antibiotic drug candidate targeting bacterial TrxR. 相似文献
4.
The design of a liquid/liquid contact apparatus necessitates the knowledge of fluid dynamics and mass transfer in the dispersion. Prediction of process parameters is challenging due to swarm and interfacial effects. Single drop investigations are suitable to enable a sophisticated dimensioning based on few simple experiments combined with published theories and correlations. In the first part of this article, the fundamentals of fluid dynamics and mass transfer in absence of interfacial effects were explained. Here, an overview of relevant interfacial phenomena and the influence of different substances typically occurring in technical applications as impurities or accompanying components is given. 相似文献
5.
Marion Börnhorst Jens Friedland Bjarne Kreitz Emanuele Moioli Gregor Wehinger 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(8):1210-1213
In this article, the results of the NaWuReT (Early Career Reaction Engineers) workshop on the topic “Are we doing relevant science?” are presented. The topics “(In)surmountable hurdles for Citizen Scientists in reaction engineering?” and “Circular Economy in reaction engineering with/for society?” were discussed. Therefrom, a variety of ideas and suggestions were extracted. 相似文献
6.
Sophie Bresch Björn Mieller Daniela Schönauer-Kamin Ralf Moos Timmy Reimann Fabien Giovannelli Torsten Rabe 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(2):917-927
Calcium cobaltite Ca3Co4O9, abbreviated Co349, is a promising thermoelectric material for high-temperature applications in air. Its anisotropic properties can be assigned to polycrystalline parts by texturing. Tape casting and pressure-assisted sintering (PAS) are a possible future way for a cost-effective mass-production of thermoelectric generators. This study examines the influence of pressure and dwell time during PAS at 900°C of tape-cast Co349 on texture and thermoelectric properties. Tape casting aligns lentoid Co349. PAS results in a textured Co349 microstructure with the thermoelectrically favorable ab-direction perpendicular to the pressing direction. By pressure variation during sintering, the microstructure of Co349 can be tailored either toward a maximum figure of merit as required for energy harvesting or toward a maximum power factor as required for energy harvesting. Moderate pressure of 2.5 MPa results in 25% porosity and a textured microstructure with a figure of merit of 0.13 at 700°C, two times higher than the dry-pressed, pressureless-sintered reference. A pressure of 7.5 MPa leads to 94% density and a high power factor of 326 µW/mK2 at 800°C, which is 11 times higher than the dry-pressed reference (30 MPa) from the same powder. 相似文献
7.
Ruirui Lu Katharina Metzner Fangyuan Zhou Cathrin Flauaus Annika Balzulat Patrick Engel Jonas Petersen Rebekka Ehinger Anne Bausch Peter Ruth Robert Lukowski Achim Schmidtko 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
The sodium-activated potassium channel Slack (KNa1.1, Slo2.2, or Kcnt1) is highly expressed in populations of sensory neurons, where it mediates the sodium-activated potassium current (IKNa) and modulates neuronal activity. Previous studies suggest that Slack is involved in the processing of neuropathic pain. However, mechanisms underlying the regulation of Slack activity in this context are poorly understood. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings we found that Slack-mediated IKNa in sensory neurons of mice is reduced after peripheral nerve injury, thereby contributing to neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Interestingly, Slack is closely associated with ATP-sensitive P2X3 receptors in a population of sensory neurons. In vitro experiments revealed that Slack-mediated IKNa may be bidirectionally modulated in response to P2X3 activation. Moreover, mice lacking Slack show altered nocifensive responses to P2X3 stimulation. Our study identifies P2X3/Slack signaling as a mechanism contributing to hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury and proposes a potential novel strategy for treatment of neuropathic pain. 相似文献
8.
Local droplet sizes and volumes of entrained liquid are captured with an image-based measurement technique for comparison with a conventional, integral method for entrainment analysis. Experiments in a forced circulation flash evaporation were performed for different operating conditions and with two different chemical systems. Droplet size and frequency rise with an increase in thermal energy input. The local readings confirm the trends found by the integral measurement method. The modification of the image-based probe enables the detection of small (≈ 10 µm) and at the same time fast droplets under challenging operating conditions, such as vacuum and superheated feed similar to industrial process conditions. 相似文献
9.
Reliable prediction of flooding conditions is needed for sizing and operating packed extraction columns. Due to the complex interplay of physicochemical properties, operational parameters and the packing-specific properties, it is challenging to develop accurate semi-empirical or rigorous models with a high validity range. State of the art models may therefore fail to predict flooding accurately. To overcome this problem, a data-driven model based on Gaussian processes is developed to predict flooding for packed liquid-liquid and high-pressure extraction columns. The optimized Gaussian process for the liquid-liquid extraction column results in an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 15.23 %, whereas the algorithm for the high-pressure extraction column results in an AARE of 13.68 %. Both algorithms can predict flooding curves for different packing geometries and chemical systems precisely. 相似文献
10.
Felix Kexel Alexandra von Kameke Janina Tenhaus Marko Hoffmann Michael Schlüter 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(5):830-837
A consecutive competitive gas-liquid reaction is investigated using a Taylor bubble setup regarding the influence of fluid mixing in the bubble wake on yield and selectivity. The concentration fields behind a Taylor bubble are visualized and measured quantitatively with a novel time-resolved absorption imaging technique based on Beer Lamberts law and an integral selectivity is derived. In addition, the calculation of the local selectivity, often used in numerical approaches, is discussed and the existing experimental limits for its derivation are pointed out. Finally, an increase in selectivity of a competitive consecutive reaction for enhanced mixing is experimentally confirmed. 相似文献