Operation optimization of concentrate burner in copper flash smelting furnace

The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum op-eration, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.     

不同金属离子交联海藻酸盐复合纤维性能比较

为了促进海藻酸(Alg)材料在纺织领域的应用，以海藻酸钠为纺丝液，以氯化钙(CaCl₂)、氯化锌(ZnCl₂)、氯化铜(CuCl₂)和氯化锶(SrCl₂)溶液为凝固浴，采用湿法纺丝工艺，制备了不同金属离子交联的海藻酸盐纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、X-射线衍射等表征手段分析了海藻酸与不同金属离子的螯合作用，海藻酸盐纤维的微观形貌以及应用性能。结果表明：与CaCl₂相比，经过ZnCl₂、CuCl₂和SrCl₂凝固浴交联的海藻酸盐纤维具有更好的吸湿和阻燃性，其中海藻酸锌纤维的吸湿率达到290%,氧指数35;海藻酸锶纤维具有最高的断裂强度，达到(48±1.2) MPa;由于铜离子和锌离子自身具有抗菌特性，制备的海藻酸铜和海藻酸锌纤维具有优良的抗菌特性。