脉冲MAG-TIG双电弧打底单面焊双面成形机制分析

基于中厚板打底焊接存在着自动化程度及效率低的问题,采用脉冲熔化极气体保护焊-钨极氩弧焊(MAG-TIG)双电弧热源焊接对板厚为24 mm的Q235-B进行打底焊接单面焊双面成形工艺研究及机制分析. 结果表明,脉冲MAG-TIG双电弧热源打底焊接时,利用TIG电弧与MAG电弧间的电磁力来调节MAG电弧在熔池前端的加热位置,使得一部分电弧热量直接作用于钝边上;结合焊接电弧放电行为与熔池流动分析发现,打底成形稳定性最佳时,利用TIG电弧与熔池的剪切力使得液态金属向后方流动,熔池前端底部液态金属减少,易于平衡稳定,可获得熔透均匀、连续、稳定的打底焊缝背面成形.     

冷作模具钢与弹簧钢的真空扩散焊

采用拉伸试验、弯曲试验、硬度试验、扫描电镜断口形貌现察、能谱微区成分分析等方法研究了常用冷作模具钢Crl2Mov与合全弹簧钢5OCrVA的真空扩散焊.结果表明:焊接温度为1150℃及以上,焊接压力为20 MPa,保温时间为30 min,真空度不低于0.1 Pa的务件下即可实现冷作模具钢与合金弹簧铜良好的冶金结合;拉伸试验、弯曲试验的断裂均发生在高硬度高耐磨的Cr12MoV上.因此,可以认为焊接面的结合强度已经高于Cr12MoV的抗拉强度与抗穹强度.     

Mechanism analysis of free formation of backing weld by the pulsed MAG-TIG double arc tandem welding

Because of the presence of lower-level automation and efficiency in the backing welding of medium–thick plates, pulse-metalactive-gas–metal-inert-gas(MAG–MIG) dual-arc welding was applied to backing welding of 24-mm-thick Q235-B plate and the process and mechanism of root welding with back formation were investigated. The heating position of the MAG-arc at the front of the molten pool could be adjusted by using the electromagnetic force between the MAG-arc and the MIG-arc, and part of the arc energy could work on the root face directly. By combining the arc-discharge behaviour and analysis of flow in the molten pool, the shear stress of a tungsten inert gas(TIG) arc to the molten pool could make the liquid metal flow backwards. Thus, the quality of the front and bottom liquid metal were reduced, which favored the balance and stability. Continuous and stable back formation with uniform penetration could be achieved by using the pulse MAG–TIG dual-arc welding technology.     

MAG-TIG双电弧共熔池热源打底焊接自由成形研究

打底焊接是中厚板多层多道焊接中的关键环节,对接头性能有着至关重要的影响。基于船舶制造、海洋工程、重型机械等行业中厚板结构件打底焊接时存在的自动化程度低,生产效率低等问题,本试验采用熔化极活性气体保护焊-钨极氩弧焊(Metal active gas-tungsten inert gas,MAG-TIG)双电弧共熔池热源焊接技术对厚度为20 mm的Q235-B板材进行打底焊接自由成形工艺研究及机制分析,采用高速摄像系统对TIG电弧作用前后电弧等离子体行为和熔池流动形态进行观察。试验结果表明:MAG-TIG双电弧共熔池热源打底焊接时,TIG电弧对MAG电弧有电磁排斥作用的同时还对熔池流动及热量传递有调控作用;结合焊接电弧等离子体行为与熔池流动形态分析发现,打底成形稳定性最佳时,TIG电弧加速焊接熔池中液态金属向后上方流动,促进热量向后传递,使得熔池前端底部及板材钝边处液态金属减少,受力易于平衡及稳定,可获得熔透均匀、连续、稳定的打底背面成形。     

高速钢与弹簧钢的真空压力焊

采用拉伸试验、弯曲试验、硬度试验、扫描电镜断口形貌观察等方法研究了高速钢W6Mo5Cr4V2（M2）与合金弹簧钢50CrVA的真空压力焊。结果表明：在焊接温度为1150℃及以上，焊接压力为20MPa、保温时间为30min、真空度不低于0．1Pa的条件下即可实现高速钢与合金弹簧钢良好的冶金结合；拉伸和弯曲试验的断裂均发生在高硬度高耐磨的M2上。因此，可以认为焊接结合面的强度已经高于M2的抗托强度与抗弯强度。     

M2/40Cr异种材料真空扩散焊的分析

采用拉伸试验、弯曲试验、硬度试验、扫描电镜断口形貌观察、显微组织分析、显微硬度测试等方法研究了高速钢W6Mo5Cr4V2(以下简称M2)与合金结构钢40Cr的真空扩散焊.结果表明,焊接温度为1 100 ℃,焊接压力为20 MPa,保温时间为30 min,真空度不低于0.1 Pa的条件下即可以实现高速钢与合金结构钢良好的冶金结合;拉伸试验、弯曲试验的断裂均发生在40Cr上.因此,可以认为在此工艺下所得焊接结合面的强度已经高于40Cr的抗拉强度与抗弯强度,低淬低回工艺可以保证高速钢和合金结构钢均具有满足使用要求的硬度.     

Optimization of back bead geometry in the PMAG-TIG twin arc hybrid root welding process using grey based Taguchi method

This study investigated multi-response optimization of the pulse metal active gas-tungsten inert gas( PMAG-TIG) twin arc hybrid root welding process for an optimal parametric combination to yield favorable back bead geometry of welded joints using grey relational analysis and Taguchi method.Eighteen experimental runs based on an orthogonal array following the Taguchi method were performed to derive objective functions to be optimized within the experimental domain.The objective functions were selected in relation to parameters of PMAG-TIG twin arc root welding back bead geometry: back bead width to root reinforcement ratio and deposited metal height.The Taguchi approach was followed by grey relational analysis to solve the multi-response optimization problem.The significance of factors on overall quality characteristics of the weld joint was also evaluated quantitatively using analysis of variance.Optimal results were verified through additional experiments,and showed to feasibility of applying grey relation analysis in combination with Taguchi technique for continuous improvement of product quality in the manufacturing industry.