混合中度嗜热微生物浸出两种不同类型低品位铜尾矿的比较研究（英文）

利用混合中度嗜热微生物浸出比较研究两种不同类型的低品位铜尾矿(酸浸尾矿和铜浮选尾矿)在浸出过程中矿物学和微生物学特征的变化。结果表明:两种尾矿的浸出行为具有很大的区别。与铜浮选尾矿相比,酸浸尾矿的浸出液中氧化还原电位较低,[Fe3+]/[Fe2+]的比例和微生物菌体密度较高,导致总铜、原生硫化铜和次生硫化铜的浸出率增加。XRD结果表明,在浸出浮选尾矿中,检测到石膏和金属有机复合物,这些物质会减缓硫化矿物的氧化过程。两种尾矿浸出过程的微生物群落变化明显:酸浸尾矿浸入过程中铁氧化菌的比例高于浮选尾矿浸出的,但硫氧化菌比例低于浮选尾矿浸出的,浸出酸浸尾矿时可以检测到F. thermophilum L1,但在浸出浮选尾矿中检测不到。     

某低品位硫化铜矿混合菌浸出研究

利用混合菌对低品位硫化铜矿进行槽浸研究,并通过实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）技术监测浸出过程中菌群的动态变化。研究结果表明,多种浸矿菌共同作用20 d,硫化铜矿中铜的生物浸出率达到85.66%,而酸浸仅为24.43%。在生物浸出的2～12 d,At.ferrooxidans是主要的浸矿菌,浸出液中Fe²⁺浓度快速下降、Eh上升,促进硫化矿的快速分解,Cu的浸出率达到79.50%;12 d以后,混合菌中的优势种逐渐被At.thiooxidans取代,浸出速度逐渐降低。此外,Mantel test结果表明,浸出液中Cu和Fe与微生物群落结构显著相关。     

16s rDNA based microbial diversity analysis of eleven acid mine drainages obtained from three Chinese copper mines

Eleven acid mine drainage (AMD) samples were obtained from southeast of China for the analysis of the microbial communities diversity, and the relationship with geochemical variables and spatial distance by using a culture-independent 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis approach and multivariate analysis respectively. The principle component analysis (PCA) of geochemical variables shows that eleven AMDs can be clustered into two groups, relative high and low metal rich (RHMR and RLMR) AMDs. Total 1 691 clone sequences are obtained and the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shows that, γ-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes and Nitrospirae are dominant species in RHMR AMDs. In contrast, α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteriodetes are dominant species in RLMR AMD. Results also show that high-abundance putative iron-oxidizing and only putative sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms are found in RHMR AMD. Multivariate analysis shows that both geochemical variables (r=0.429 3, P=0.037 7) and spatial distance (r=0.321 3, P=0.018 1) are significantly positively correlated with microbial community and pH, Mg, Fe, S, Cu and Ca are key geochemistry factors in shaping microbial community. Variance partitioning analysis shows that geochemical variables and spatial distance can explain most (92%) of the variation.     

Isolation, identification and characterization of cadmium-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain E1

Strain E₁ with resistance to 18 mmol/L cadmium (Cd), isolated from Cd-contaminated soil was identified by morphological observation, biochemical and physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The resistance to heavy metals Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn and 12 antibiotics was examined. The ability of removing Cd from solution was studied. The characterizations show that strain E₁ is affiliated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Strain E₁ has high resistance to heavy metals and the order is found to be Cd>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Co in solid media. Strain E₁ also exhibits the resistance to 12 antibiotics. Both living and non-living cells of strain E₁ can remove Cd from solution, and living cell has better biosorption than non-living cell. Foundation item: Project (50621063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2004CB619204) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

废弃线路板分选尾渣微生物浸出过程中的参数优化

采用微生物浸出技术,选用4种中度嗜热浸矿菌:嗜铁钩端螺旋菌(Leptospirillum ferriphilum),嗜酸喜温硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus caldus),嗜热硫氧化硫化杆菌(Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans)和嗜热嗜酸铁质菌(Ferroplasma thermophilum),作为混合菌回收废弃线路板分选尾渣中的金属铜。通过摇瓶浸出实验,研究混合菌在不同浓度分选尾渣中的浸出过程,并探究初始p H、初始Fe~(2+)质量浓度、培养温度及粉末粒径对铜浸出的影响;并将优化条件应用至3L搅拌槽中,实现浸出体系的扩大。结果表明:摇瓶驯化过程中,混合菌种在分选尾渣中的生长情况较好,且能实现金属铜的有效浸出;在优化参数为初始p H 1.5、ρ(Fe~(2+))1 g/L、45℃条件下的放大实验中,浸出至第7 d时,铜浸出率最高达到93.09%。     

Repetitive sequence based polymerase chain reaction to differentiate close bacteria strains in acidic sites

To study the diversity of bacteria strains newly isolated from several acid mine drainage（AMD） sites in China, repetitive sequence based polymerase chain reaction （rep-PCR）, a well established technology for diversity analysis of closely related bacteria strains, was conducted on 30 strains of bacteria Leptospirillum ferriphilium, 8 strains of bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, as well as the Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans type strain ATCC （American Type Culture Collection） 23270. The results showed that, using ERIC and BOX primer sets, rep-PCR produced highly discriminatory banding patterns. Phylogenetic analysis based on ERIC-PCR banding types was made and the results indicated that rep-PCR could be used as a rapid and highly discriminatory screening technique in studying bacterial diversity, especially in differentiating bacteria within one species in AMD.     

长期铬污染对土壤真菌群落的影响（英文）

为进一步研究重金属污染生态系统中真菌群落的变化,以废弃铬盐厂污染的土壤为研究对象,通过二代测序ITS扩增子技术,研究真菌微生物群落。结果显示,铬污染虽然改变了真菌群落的组成和结构,但是对其多样性并没有显著的影响。不同种类的真菌对铬污染的响应不同。LEfSe分析结果显示,铬污染环境会导致真菌种类的变化,这是由于高浓度的铬污染能够对真菌细胞直接产生毒性,或者通过改变土壤性质,使真菌细胞对土壤中碳、氮等能源物质的利用能力下降。在所有铬的形态中,有机结合态和可交换态的铬对真菌群落的影响最显著;而土壤性质中,有机质对真菌群落的影响最为显著。     

一株抗镉真菌的分类学鉴定和镉吸附

研究一株高抗镉真菌M1的分类学鉴定和镉吸附影响因素。通过分子生物学方法获得ITS 和β-微管蛋白的基因序列,并进行测序和分析;采用摇瓶振荡培养方法研究影响镉生物吸附能力的因素;采用傅里叶红外光谱对菌丝的镉吸附机理进行初步分析。基因序列相似性比较和系统发育树构建均表明该真菌与淡紫拟青霉的关系最近,表明真菌M1在分类学上属于淡紫拟青霉菌。活的和失活菌丝体分别在起始pH值为6~7和5~7的范围内表现出较好的吸附能力,镉溶液浓度为100 mg/L 时吸附效率最好。锌和锰对菌体的镉吸附有些许影响,而铜和铅对它的镉吸附影响明显。红外光谱分析表明：菌体吸附镉主要与羰基、羟基和氨基等基团有关。实验结果表明：真菌M1在重金属的生物修复中具有较好的应用前景。