Ethanol shock enhances the recovery of anthocyanin from lowbush blueberry

Deactivation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in natural products is essential for downstream processing of functional molecules used as food or food additives, particularly those served as antioxidants. In the present work, we identified two proteins with PPO activity from lowbush blueberry using ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatography procedures. Deactivation of these proteins was studied using aqueous solutions of ethanol of different concentrations. The PPO activity was recovered after ethanol removal for the protein samples previously soaked in a low concentration ethanol solution. A complete and unrecoverable deactivation of the proteins was achieved using ethanol with concentration over 70% (v/v), as manifested by the significant changes in circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. Based on these findings, we propose a new extraction process for blueberry anthocyanin, in which an ethanol shock, i.e. soaking blueberry fruit in a 70% (v/v) ethanol solution for 1 h, is implemented before subsequent procedures. This new process increases the anthocyanin yield by 55% in comparison to that without the ethanol shock.     

相转移条件下苯乙烯催化氧化反应工艺研究

采用钼的杂多酸为催化剂,三辛基甲基氯化铵为相转移剂,以双氧水为氧化剂在两相反应中催化氧化苯乙烯,生成中间产物环氧苯乙烷;在催化剂催化下,环氧苯乙烷开环,生成苯甲醛和苯基乙二醇等产物,单程转化率达到28.44%(基于苯乙烯),在55℃,双氧水浓度为12%时,反应生成苯甲醛的选择性为100%,通过对平衡反应的研究,得到了不同参量对3种产物选择性的影响,工业上可以通过精馏分离,得到纯净的3种有机物。     

RBM20-Mediated Pre-mRNA Splicing Has Muscle-Specificity and Differential Hormonal Responses between Muscles and in Muscle Cell Cultures

Pre-mRNA splicing plays an important role in muscle function and diseases. The RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) is a splicing factor that is predominantly expressed in muscle tissues and primarily regulates pre-mRNA splicing of Ttn, encoding a giant muscle protein titin that is responsible for muscle function and diseases. RBM20-mediated Ttn splicing has been mostly studied in heart muscle, but not in skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated splicing specificity in different muscle types in Rbm20 knockout rats and hormonal effects on RBM20-mediated splicing both in cellulo and in vivo studies. The results revealed that RBM20 is differentially expressed across muscles and RBM20-mediated splicing is muscle-type specific. In the presence of RBM20, Ttn splicing responds to hormones in a muscle-type dependent manner, while in the absence of RBM20, Ttn splicing is not affected by hormones. In differentiated and undifferentiated C2C12 cells, RBM20-mediated splicing in response to hormonal effects is mainly through genomic signaling pathway. The knowledge gained from this study may help further understand muscle-specific gene splicing in response to hormone stimuli in different muscle types.     

Data augmentation for low-resource languages NMT guided by constrained sampling

Data augmentation (DA) is a ubiquitous approach for several text generation tasks. Intuitively, in the machine translation paradigm, especially in low-resource languages scenario, many DA methods have appeared. The most commonly used methods are building pseudocorpus by randomly sampling, omitting, or replacing some words in the text. However, previous approaches hardly guarantee the quality of augmented data. In this study, we try to augment the corpus by introducing a constrained sampling method. Additionally, we also build the evaluation framework to select higher quality data after augmentation. Namely, we use the discriminator submodel to mitigate syntactic and semantic errors to some extent. Experimental results show that our augmentation method consistently outperforms all the previous state-of-the-art methods on both small and large-scale corpora in eight language pairs from four corpora by 2.38–4.18 bilingual evaluation understudy points.     

结合单词-字符引导注意力网络的中文旅游文本命名实体识别

传统基于词向量表示的命名实体识别方法通常忽略了字符语义信息、字符间的位置信息,以及字符和单词间的关联关系。提出一种基于单词-字符引导注意力网络（WCGAN）的中文旅游命名实体识别方法,利用单词引导注意力网络获取单词间的序列信息和关键单词信息,采用字符引导注意力网络捕获字符语义信息和字符间的位置信息,增强单词和字符间的关联性与互补性,从而实现中文旅游文本中命名实体的识别。实验结果表明,WCGAN方法在ResumeNER和TourismNER基准数据集上的F值分别为93.491%和92.860%,相比Bi-LSTM+CRF、Char-Dense等方法识别效果更好。     

沙尔布尔地区地层研究工作新进展

通过这次对沙尔布尔地区的1：50000区调工作，在地层方面的新进展主要有；以用Sm－Nd法获得的同位素年龄值为依据首次划分出震旦扎根据生物化石确定了上奥陶统；按岩性的不同将中志留统分为两个组，即沙尔布尔组和哈拉钦布克组，并根据原哈尔加乌组中发现的大量中志留世化石组合，将该组改为沙尔布尔组；在卡拉岗组内首次采集到对确定该组的地质时代具有重要意义的化石．     

菠萝蛋白酶结合滚揉嫩化马肉工艺的优化

以系水力、蒸煮损失率、剪切力和感官评定为评价指标,通过注射菠萝蛋白酶液,结合滚揉处理,研究菠萝蛋白酶在不同的添加量、处理温度、处理时间和p H条件下对马肉(半腱肌)嫩度的影响,采用L9(34)正交试验对嫩化条件进行优化。试验结果表明:蛋白酶添加量、处理温度和处理时间对马肉的嫩度有显著影响。菠萝蛋白酶的最佳嫩化条件是:菠萝蛋白酶添加量12 U/g,处理温度60℃,处理时间1.5 h,p H7.0;或者菠萝蛋白酶添加量16 U/g,处理温度60℃,处理时间2 h,p H7.0。     

新疆煤矿大数据智能管理平台建设规划的研讨

为推动新疆煤矿企业升级传统管理模式至大数据智能模式,在研讨当前煤矿大数据智能管理建设的必要性和存在的主要问题基础上,系统性提出在矿井各生产作业子系统、管理部门多源化实时采集和共享大数据,在矿井调度指挥中心搭建生产执行管理系统（Manufacturing Execution System,MES）平台,统领大数据、使用大数据的智能管理平台建设规划,为企业现代化转型升级提供参考。     

阿北1井垂直钻井工具应用分析

为解决塔里木盆地两北地区二叠系地层底部-志留系地层采用常规钻具组合钻井时井斜严重及防斜与打快矛盾突出的难题,阿北1井进行了VTK垂直钻井系统防斜打快试验。VTK垂直钻井系统为一种闭环自动垂直钻井系统,在工作中可主动启动液压部件,通过1~2个肋板向井壁施加一定的作用力以对抗井斜趋势,以保持井眼按垂直方向钻进。现场试验结果表明:阿北1井应用VTK垂直钻井系统钻进深部易斜地层时,井斜角控制在0.14°~2.09°,大部分井段的井斜角小于1.00°;大部分试验井段(5 331.00~5 532.00和5 698.8~5 965.15 m)机械钻速可达2.34~1.17 m/h,与常规钟摆钻具组合相比,机械钻速提高17%~21%。这表明利用VTK垂直钻井系统基本可以解决塔里木盆地两北地区井斜控制困难及防斜与打快突出的难题,但为充分发挥VTK垂直钻井系统防斜打快的优势,需在钻头选型、钻井液性能优化及应对井下故障能力等方面进行进一步研究。