Inherited cardiomyopathies are frequent causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD), especially in young patients. Despite at the autopsy they usually have distinctive microscopic and/or macroscopic diagnostic features, their phenotypes may be mild or ambiguous, possibly leading to misdiagnoses or missed diagnoses. In this review, the main differential diagnoses of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (e.g., athlete’s heart, idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (e.g., adipositas cordis, myocarditis) and dilated cardiomyopathy (e.g., acquired forms of dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction) are discussed. Moreover, the diagnostic issues in SCD victims affected by phenotype-negative hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the relationship between myocardial bridging and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are analyzed. Finally, the applications/limits of virtopsy and post-mortem genetic testing in this field are discussed, with particular attention to the issues related to the assessment of the significance of the genetic variants. 相似文献
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a macromolecular network that can provide biochemical and structural support for cell adhesion and formation. It regulates cell behavior by influencing biochemical and physical cues. It is a dynamic structure whose components are modified, degraded, or deposited during connective tissue development, giving tissues strength and structural integrity. The physical properties of the natural ECM environment control the design of naturally or synthetically derived biomaterials to guide cell function in tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is an important field that explores physical cues of the ECM to produce new viable tissue for medical applications, such as in organ transplant and organ recovery. Understanding how the ECM exerts physical effects on cell behavior, when cells are seeded in synthetic ECM scaffolds, is of utmost importance. Herein we review recent findings in this area that report on cell behaviors in a variety of ECMs with different physical properties, i.e., topology, geometry, dimensionality, stiffness, and tension. 相似文献
Local community detection is a widely used method for identifying groups of nodes starting from seeding nodes. The seed(s) are usually selected either randomly or based only on structural properties of the network. However, in many cases the choice of seed(s) incorporates external knowledge that attaches to these nodes an additional importance for their community. This knowledge, may be derived from an expert on the domain, or may arise from the network’s side information and it constitutes our motivation for the present work; this additional information about the importance of seed(s) can be exploited for detection of better and more relevant communities. We call such biased seed(s), hint(s). Our approach, is to reflect the importance of hints by changing appropriately the network in their vicinity. To the best of our knowledge, no such viewpoint of the seeding nodes in local community detection has been considered before. The aim of this study is to identify a single community which contains the hint(s). Our key contribution is the proposed Hint Enhancement Framework(HEF) that applies a two-step procedure to discover the community of the hint(s): 1) it changes the network by amplifying the hint(s) using re-weighting or re-wiring strategies so as to materialize the bias towards them and 2) it applies local community detection algorithms on the altered network of step 1. We experimentally evaluate HEF in synthetic and real datasets, and demonstrate the positive aspects of the framework in identifying better communities, in comparison with plain local community detection algorithms as well as a global one.
Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana young and mature leaves to the herbicide paraquat (Pq) resulted in a localized increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaf veins and the neighboring mesophyll cells, but this increase was not similar in the two leaf types. Increased H2O2 production was concomitant with closed reaction centers (qP). Thirty min after Pq exposure despite the induction of the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in mature leaves, H2O2 production was lower in young leaves mainly due to the higher increase activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Later, 60 min after Pq exposure, the total antioxidant capacity of young leaves was not sufficient to scavenge the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were formed, and thus, a higher H2O2 accumulation in young leaves occurred. The energy allocation of absorbed light in photosystem II (PSII) suggests the existence of a differential photoprotective regulatory mechanism in the two leaf types to the time-course Pq exposure accompanied by differential antioxidant protection mechanisms. It is concluded that tolerance to Pq-induced oxidative stress is related to the redox state of quinone A (QA). 相似文献
The most prominent challenge associated with offshore horizontal drilling is wellbore stability. In this paper, simulation of in-situ stresses around the wellbore is conducted to study the effects of transient pore pressure on the stability of horizontal wells. The rock mechanical analysis based on finite element technique lead to investigate a unique behavior found in subsea horizontal wells known as transient pore pressure behavior and near wellbore pressure gradients. The results demonstrate that near wellbore pore pressure gradient is only active in rock formations which possess transient pore pressure behavior; therefore, simulated solutions require adjustment to achieve accurate results. 相似文献