Pt/CrCeAlO催化剂对二氯甲烷的催化氧化性能

催化氧化是消除挥发性有机废气的有效手段,而二氯甲烷是含氯有机废气的代表性化合物。采用沉淀法制备了不同CrO_x含量的CrCeAlO催化剂,并用浸渍法制备了Pt/CrCeAlO催化剂,将其用于二氯甲烷催化氧化。结果表明,催化剂均表现出较好的活性,Cr_0.03Ce_0.05Al_0.95O₂催化剂在390 ℃时即可完全氧化二氯甲烷。而负载Pt后的催化剂活性明显提高,2.0Pt/Cr_0.03Ce_0.05Al₀.₉₅O₂催化剂表现出最好的活性,在340 ℃条件下,转化率即达100%。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、H₂-TPR和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行表征,表明催化剂的活性主要受其表面酸性和氧化还原性的影响,表面酸性位提供二氯甲烷化学吸附位,而催化剂表面氧化还原性则有利于反应中氧物种的活化。催化剂中添加Pt后,由于Pt、CeO₂ 和 CrO_x物种间的相互作用而增强了催化剂的氧化还原性,从而进一步促进了反应活性的提高。     

CO and C3H8 total oxidation over Pd/La-Al2O3 catalysts： Effect of calcination temperature and hydrothermal treatment

A series of Pd/La-Al2O3（PLA） catalysts with La-Al2O3（LA） support calcined at different temperatures（500, 700, 900 and 1050 oC） were prepared using an incipient wetness impregnation method. The activity of the fresh and hydrothermally aged PLA catalysts were tested for total oxidation of CO and C3H8. The activity of the fresh PLA catalysts for CO and C3H8 oxidation increased with increasing calcination temperature of the support, while the activities of the aged catalysts declined and became essentially the same. CO chemisorption results revealed that the suppressed activities of the aged catalysts were mainly due to the decline of palladium dispersion. The turnover frequency（TOF） of CO oxidation increased with increasing reduction ability of the catalysts, with a fresh catalyst calcined at 1050 oC having the highest value（0.048 s–1）. However, the TOF of C3H8 total oxidation was affected by not only the redox properties of catalysts but also the size of Pd particle, and large Pd particles possessed higher TOF value of C3H8 oxidation, with the highest value（0.125 s–1） being obtained on an aged catalyst calcined at 500 oC.     

MnO_x对Pt/CeZrO_2催化剂在水汽和CO_2环境下CO氧化的影响

以CeZrO_2固溶体为载体,发现MnO_x的添加能促进Pt/CeZrO_2催化剂的CO氧化性能,并研究了MnO_x含量对催化剂CO氧化活性及抗H_2O和CO_2性能的影响。结果表明,随着MnO_x含量增加,催化剂活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在MnO_x含量为0.5%(质量分数)时活性最佳。MnO_x的添加降低了Pt颗粒尺寸并影响催化剂还原性能从而促进反应活性。水汽和CO_2对Pt/CeZrO_2催化剂的CO氧化活性有抑制作用,而MnO_x的加入能显著提高催化剂的抗水汽和CO_2的能力。反应动力学结果表明,在Pt/CeZrO_2催化剂上,反应气中引入H_2O和CO_2后,CO的反应级数有明显升高,说明H_2O和CO_2在催化剂表面与CO竞争吸附,导致CO反应活性下降;而在Pt/MnO_x/CeZrO_2催化剂上,CO的反应级数略有升高,说明MnO_x的添加能有效抑制H_2O和CO_2与CO的竞争吸附,从而改善了催化剂的抗H_2O和CO_2性能。     

Cr_2O_3催化剂催化氟化2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷合成四氟乙烷

以SBA-15为模板剂、蔗糖为造孔剂,采用超声辅助的真空浸渍法制备了高比表面积的Cr_2O_3纳米棒催化剂(Cr_2O_3-MR),用于气相氟化2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷(HCFC-133a)合成四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)的反应,并与Cr_2O_3纳米棒催化剂(Cr_2O_3-R)进行对比。结果表明:Cr_2O_3-MR催化剂的比表面积为55.5 m~2·g~(-1),明显高于Cr_2O_3-R的比表面积(16.4 m~2·g~(-1))。同时在反应温度为320℃时,Cr_2O_3-MR上HCFC-133a的转化率(28.0%)也高于Cr_2O_3-R催化剂(24.0%),这归因于该催化剂较大的比表面积和表面酸量。进一步根据催化剂表面酸量计算的转化频率(TOF)发现,Cr_2O_3-MR上的TOF(1.08×10~(-4)s~(-1))略高于Cr_2O_3-R(1.06×10~(-4)s~(-1)),表明催化剂活性与表面酸性密切相关,且表面强酸性可能比表面弱酸性具有更高的催化活性。     

ACr_2O_4尖晶石氧化物(A=Co,Zn,Mn,Cu)上二氯甲烷的催化燃烧:A位阳离子的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备4种不同ACr_2O_4尖晶石氧化物(A=Co,Zn,Mn,Cu),考察A位阳离子对ACr_2O_4尖晶石氧化物的性质以及对二氯甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响,并对催化剂进行SEM、HRTEM、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD以及XPS等表征。结果表明,A位离子显著影响催化剂的可还原性和表面酸性,催化剂催化活性顺序为CoCr_2O_4Zn Cr_2O_4Mn Cr_2O_4CuCr_2O_4。结合表征结果,认为催化剂活性与其可还原性能和表面酸性存在密切关系。CoCr_2O_4由于具有最佳的可还原性和较高的表面酸性,具有最高的催化活性;而CuCr_2O_4由于具有最低的表面酸性导致其催化活性最低。     

A comparative study of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide complete oxidation on MnOx-CeO2 catalysts

MnOx-CeO2 composite catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method and tested for formaldehyde (HCHO) and carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the average oxidation state of surface Mn species in CeMn composite catalyst was higher compared to the pure MnOx. The enhancement of reactivity for HCHO oxidation was due to the activation of the lattice oxygen species in MnOx by the addition of CeO2, which was confirmed by the H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) results. The remarkable enhancement of reactivity for CO oxidation by the addition of CeO2 was due to the active oxygen species generated on the CeO2 surface which directly participated in the reaction.     

负载型CeO2/OMS -2催化剂对VOCs的催化氧化性能

采用回流法合成了OMS -2,同时以OMS -2为载体,采用浸渍法负载CeO2制备了Ce/OMS-2催化剂,运用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、BET、H2 - TPR和NH3 - TPD等方法对催化剂进行表征,并考察CeO2/OMS -2催化剂催化氧化二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯的性能.结果表明,CeO2的加入并未改变OMS -2较好的...     

负载型CeO2/OMS -2催化剂对VOCs的催化氧化性能

采用回流法合成了OMS -2,同时以OMS -2为载体,采用浸渍法负载CeO2制备了Ce/OMS-2催化剂,运用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、BET、H2 - TPR和NH3 - TPD等方法对催化剂进行表征,并考察CeO2/OMS -2催化剂催化氧化二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯的性能.结果表明,CeO2的加入并未改变OMS -2较好的八面体分子筛结构,CeO2的晶粒很小且以高分散的形式存在;负载CeO2的OMS -2催化剂比表面积都有增大趋势;随着CeO2负载量的增加,低温和高温的还原峰都先向低温方向偏移再向高温方向偏移;随着CeO2负载量的增加,高温处强酸性峰先向低温方向偏移再向高温方向偏移.反应活性结果表明,CeO2/OMS -2催化剂活性比载体OMS -2的活性好,随着铈负载量的增加,催化活性先升高再降低,其中,CeO2负载质量分数为1.0％(1.0Ce/OMS -2)时催化剂效果最好,这可能是由于铈的加入活化了OMS -2中的氧,影响了整体催化剂的酸性,进而影响反应性能.     

分子筛SBA-15对有机气体的吸附-脱附性能

以聚乙二醇-聚丙三醇-聚乙二醇为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在不同晶化温度下制备了比表面积和晶化不同的SBA-15介孔分子筛,用穿透曲线和程序升温脱附考察了分子筛对甲苯和乙酸乙酯的吸脱附性能。实验结果表明,随着晶化温度从80 ℃升高到135 ℃,SBA-15分子筛对有机气体吸附量减少,脱附温度降低。通过比较发现,分子筛对甲苯的吸附容量比对乙酸乙酯的吸附容量小,SBA-15分子筛呈现亲乙酸乙酯和憎甲苯的性能。     

Catalytic combustion study of soot on Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution

The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution and CeO2 were prepared using the sol-gel method. The phase structure, crystallite sizes and the reducibility of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR techniques. XRD results indicated that Zr^4＋ had replaced part of Ce^4＋ to form a fluorite-like solid solution, which was favorable to obtain ultrafine nanoparticles. The ratio of main HE consumption for Ce0.7Zr0.3O2：CeO2 was 4.4：1.0, implying that the solid solution could improve the reducibility compared to the single CeO2. The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution catalyst showed a sharp combustion peak at 397 ℃, which was 200 ℃ lower than that of the single soot. The good catalytic activity of the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was attributed to the formation of nano-CeO2-based solid solution, which enhanced the reducibility and then improved the combustion activity. As Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 could be easily reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x meanwhile, after oxygenation, the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2.x was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 completely. A catalytic combustion reaction mechanism was proposed： the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the reaction with carbon and then it was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the interaction with O2.