Structures,Electron Affinities and Vibrational Frequencies of SF5OX/SF5OX-（X=F,Cl,Br）

The molecular structures, electron affinities, vibrational frequencies and IR intensities of the SF5OX/SF5OX- (X=F, Cl, Br) species have been determined by four different density functional theory (DFT) methods (B3LYP, BHLYP, BP86, BLYP) in conjunction with DZP++ basis set. The BHLYP method predicts the best geometry parameters. The adiabatic electron affinities (EAad) predicted by the B3LYP/DZP++ method are 4.36eV (SF5OF), 4.13eV (SF5OCl), 4.12eV (SF5OBr), respectively. Large electron affinity implies the corresponding anions are stable. The total intensities in the near IR "window" of the anions SF5OX- (X=F, Cl, Br) at B3LYP level are 1602km/mol (SF5OF-), 1868km/mol (SF5OCl-) and 1916km/mol (SF5OBr-), respectively, larger than those of the corresponding neutrals. It suggests that SF5OX/SF5OX- (X=F, Cl, Br) may be used to "warm" Mars.     

高原地区SBR法处理生活污水工程实例

针对高原低温条件,以那曲污水处理厂SBR法调试为实例,采用投加工程菌剂和粪便水、先异步后同步的培菌方法,实现了快速启动。结果表明,该方法克服了那曲地区低温、低氧、低压的不利影响,在进水COD、NH3-N质量浓度分别为300～350、24～30 mg/L的情况下,出水平均浓度分别为51.2 mg/L和12.7 mg/L,达到了污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)中的一级标准。     

疏水性离子液体为溶剂对Co2+和Cd2+废水的萃取性能

研究了疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)、[Hmim]PF6(1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)和[Omim]PF6(1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)对Co2+和Cd2+的萃取性能. 结果表明,未加入螯合剂时,离子液体对Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率都很低. 螯合剂的加入大大提高了离子液体对重金属离子的萃取性能,Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率分别由原来的2.06%和1.82%提高到96.37%和93.68%. 不同螯合剂对离子液体萃取Co2+和Cd2+有一定的影响. 离子液体碳链长度的增加有利于Co2+和Cd2+的萃取. 与传统有机溶剂相似,离子液体萃取重金属离子过程中具有很强的pH摆动效应,当pH<2时,Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率几乎为0,而当pH>6时,Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率均大于90%. 运用萃取过程中的pH摆动效应对Cd2+进行反萃取,实现了离子液体的回用.     

Fabrication of Stable Superhydrophobic Cupric Hydroxide Surface with Hierarchical Structure on Copper Substrate

Cupric hydroxide films with a new hierarchical architecture consisting of beautiful nanotubes and nanoflowers were directly fabricated on copper substrate via a solution-immersion process at a constant temperature of 23?℃. Stable superhydrophobic Cu(OH)₂ surface was obtained after Cu(OH)₂ films were modified with hydrolyzed 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (C₈H₄Cl₃F₁₃Si, FOTMS). The surface morphology and composition of the film were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Result shows that the surface of Cu(OH)₂ films directly grown on copper substrate was hydrophilic, whereas the modified Cu(OH)₂ films exhibited the superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) of about 160.8°, as well as a small sliding angle (SA) of about 1°. The special hierarchical structure, along with the slow surface energy leads to the high superhydrophobicity of the surface.     

铝掺杂纳米ZnO颗粒光催化降解活性艳蓝X-BR

以乙酸锌[Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O]、氢氧化锂(LiOH·H2O)和氯化铝(AlCl3·6H2O)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯纳米ZnO和掺铝ZnO,并用X射线衍射光谱、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨率透射电子显微镜对其进行了表征. 用紫外灯作为光源,活性艳蓝XB-R溶液为光催化反应模型降解物,研究了ZnO及掺铝ZnO的光催化性能,并考察了前驱体焙烧温度、光催化温度、光照时间、底物浓度、光催化剂的暗吸附性能、铝掺杂量以及催化剂的加入量等因素对降解率的影响. 结果表明,焙烧温度300℃时,晶粒结晶良好,粒径小;掺杂铝离子提高了ZnO的光催化活性,掺杂铝离子浓度为5%(摩尔比)的ZnO的光催化性能最好;掺杂后的样品粒度分布更均匀,且明显变小;在30℃下,加入催化剂浓度为0.1 g/L、降解时间为45 min时,对活性艳蓝XB-R溶液的降解率达到95%.