硫杂质对焦反应性的影响及其机理(英文)

采用以低杂质沥青焦模拟石油焦和外掺杂的方式,研究硫杂质元素对焦反应性的影响,并通过XRD、SEM和EDS等检测手段探讨其作用机理。结果表明:在无其他杂质元素干扰的情况下,硫实际上是一种对焦的空气和CO2反应性都具有明显催化性的杂质元素。其催化作用可能是通过在焦的空气和CO2反应过程中分别引发有机硫→H2S→SO2→COS和单质硫(S x)→SO2和有机硫→H2S→COS→S x→C2S→COS两组可部分循环并具有增加碳耗和增大焦比表面积作用的反应体系来实现的。     

Desulfurization of Petroleum Coke by Calcination in Ammonia Atmosphere below 1000℃

The desulfurization efficiency and mechanism of the calcination of petroleum coke in ammonia atmosphere at lower than 1000 ℃ were investigated through a series of conditional experiments and comparison with other gases such as H_2. The topics of efficiency and reaction mechanism are usually discussed through investigation by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) technique, and the thermogravimetry coupled with the mass spectrometry(TG-MS). Results showed that in addition to H_2, ammonia not only could retain a high desulfurization rate but could also reduce coke loss during the desulfurization process of petroleum coke. The best desulfurization conditions covered a petroleum coke particle size of less than 0.1 mm, a calcination temperature of 800 ℃ in ammonia atmosphere with a flow rate of 10 L/h, and a heating duration of more than 120 min. Ammonia decomposition, H_2 generation, decline in the activation energy of the carbon–sulfur bonds, and petroleum coke with a largest specific surface area at 800 ℃ are the key goals of desulfurization studied thereby. As proved by TG-MS analysis, given a large quantity of H_2, ammonia can be decomposed at the same temperature to completely come into contact with the sulfur species in petroleum coke to generate H_2S.     

煅烧温度对煅后石油焦微观结构演变的影响

煅后石油焦是铝电解用炭阳极等冶金炭素材料的主要原料,现有研究缺乏对不同煅烧温度下煅后焦微观结构演变的深入探索,导致冶金炭素材料的制备难以智能调控,降耗困难。针对上述问题,本文利用一种基于高分辨适射电镜(HRTEM)检测的碳材料晶格条纹智能提取技术,结合数学拟合对不同煅烧温度下煅后焦微观结构的演变规律进行了深入探究。结果表明,煅后焦的平均晶格条纹长度、堆叠占比和45°集中分布的特征值在600℃以下会随温度升高而轻微劣化,而在600～1 600℃的温度范围内,各项微观结构特征值的变化规律符合Sigmoid函数模型,随着温度升高先迅速提升后平缓增加;利用拟合曲线的推导公式求得煅后焦各项微观结构特征的有效升温区间,进一步得到煅后焦微观结构特征随温度变化而演变的优先级为晶格取向>晶格堆叠>晶格尺寸生长;通过拉曼光谱分析得到煅后焦的石墨化度R值在25～1 600℃的温度范围内由0.86变化到0.59,石墨化度在不同温度下的变化规律映证了上述各项微观结构特征演变分析的结果。     

基于多元线性回归的铝用炭素配方计算

提出了一种基于多元线性回归法的铝用炭素制品配方计算方法,通过配方实例计算对方法的原理和应用进行了具体描述。计算结果表明:与"逐级递推"的传统配方计算方法相比,新方法可直接利用MATLAB、SPSS、EXCEL等常用软件的现有功能简单实现配方计算自动化,计算效率和精度高;方法采用了最小二乘原理对工作配方进行求解,计算结果可最大限度满足理论配方技术要求;方法可用于处理技术要求更复杂的配方计算问题,对炭素制品配方的精细化发展具有重要的意义。