热挤压对AZ31-0.25%Sb合金组织与性能的影响

通过不同温度热挤压处理、力学性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究了热挤压处理对AZ31-0.25%Sb镁合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明：热挤压处理可有效提高合金的力学性能,经220 ℃热挤压处理,合金的室温抗拉强度由263 MPa提高到297.6 MPa,屈服强度由96 MPa提高到222.1 MPa,提高幅度达131.4%;热挤压处理提高AZ31-0.5Sb%合金强度的原因是：挤压期间产生了形变强化和发生的动态再结晶,形变产生的高密度位错可提高合金的抗拉强度,而发生动态再结晶形成的细小晶粒可有效提高合金的屈服强度.     

基于ITS rDNA分析辣椒幼苗根际真菌群落结构差异

[目的]比较云南地方两个主要辣椒栽培种(Capsicum annuum L.和Capsicum frutescens L.)幼苗根际真菌群落结构相似性与差异性,为探索根际特有微生物群功能挖掘、调控机制及应用提供参考.[方法]运用ITS rDNA高通量测序技术对其根际土壤真菌群落组成进行测定并分析其多样性.[结果]一年生辣椒中子囊菌门Ascomycota为优势群落,而在灌木状辣椒中则是担子菌门Basidiomycota为优势菌群,表明不同辣椒可根据生长环境选择性"招募"不同的有益真菌群类来分解环境中不同有机体为自身提供养分以促进生长.在仅多样性分析中灌木辣椒根际真菌群落的丰度和多样性显著高于一年生辣椒、对照.[结论]辣椒根际真菌群落结构多样性受不同基因型辣椒品种的影响,灌木辣椒种相较于一年生辣椒种根际真菌群落结构表现出显著的差异性和丰富的多样性.     

橡胶粉改性沥青的低温抗裂性试验研究

从低温耐久性材料的选择出发,在参考了已有文献资料的基础上,试验选择了三种沥青材料,对其低温抗裂性指标进行了相关研究,以考证橡胶沥青这种材料作为季冻区沥青路面裂缝修补时在低温性能的优越性。     

元素W，Co对Ni-Al合金层错能的影响

运用置换原子计算层错能的热力学模型,计算了Ni-Al-W,Ni-Al-Co合金的层错能.分析了W,Co元素对Ni-6Al合金,Al元素对Ni-5W,Ni-5Co合金层错能的影响.结果表明:随温度升高,合金的层错能提高.随着W,Co质量分数提高,Ni-6Al-xW,Ni-6Al-xCo合金的层错能均提高;随元素Al质量分数的增加,Ni-5Co,Ni-5W合金层错能降低.     

[011]取向镍基单晶合金在压应力蠕变期间的组织演化与有限元分析

采用弹/塑性应力-应变有限元方法计算了[011]取向单晶镍基合金中γ /γ’ 两相共格界面的von Mises应力及应变能密度分布特征,研究了施加压应力对γ /γ’ 两相界面von Mises应力分布及γ’相定向粗化规律的影响。结果表明:[011]取向单晶镍基合金经热处理后,组织结构是立方γ’相以共格方式嵌镶在γ基体相中,并沿<100>γ方向规则排列。当沿[011]方向施加压应力时,(100)晶面沿[001]γ和[010]γ方向发生晶格收缩,其晶格收缩的挤压作用可排斥半径较大的Al、Ti原子,而在(010)和(001)晶面则分别沿[100]取向发生晶格扩张应变,可诱捕半径较大的Al、Ti原子,是促使γ’相在(100)晶面交错生长成网状结构,并沿[010]和[001]取向扩散连接,生长成为相互垂直的层片网状筏形组织的主要原因。     

一种单晶合金的高温蠕变行为及其变形特征

通过测定一种单晶镍基合金的高温拉伸蠕变曲线及位错运动的内摩擦应力σ0,建立了综合蠕变方程,计算出稳态蠕变期间的表观蠕变激活能及相关参数.结果表明：在蠕变期间,位错运动的内摩擦应力σ0,随外加应力的提高略有提高,随温度的升高而明显降低.蠕变后期,由于缩径使样品不同位置承受不同的有效的应力,导致筏状γ＇相具有不同的粗化特征,在近断口处,载荷的有效应力增大,使筏状γ＇相扭曲且粗化加剧.界面位错网对形变硬化和回复软化具有协调作用,并减缓位错切入γ＇相,因此有利于合金蠕变抗力的提高.     

Influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties ofAZ31 magnesium alloy

Extrusion treatment is a common method to refine the grain size and improve the mechanical properties of metal material. The influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. The results ,show that the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy are obviously improved by extrusion treatment. The ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 222 MPa, and is enhanced to 265.8 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The yield tensile strength （YTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 84 MPa, and is enhanced to 201 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The effective improvements on mechanical properties result from the formation of the finer grains during extrusion and the finer particles precipitated by age treatment. The features of the microstructure evolution during hot extruded of AZ31 alloy are dislocation slipping on the matrix and occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization.     

镍基单晶合金组织演化及对晶格错配度的影响

通过对不同状态单晶镍基合金进行组织形貌的观察和X-ray衍射分析,研究了组织演化对合金中γ'、γ两相晶格常数和错配度的影响.结果表明:铸态单晶合金不同区域中γ'相的形貌和尺寸有较大的差别,致使γ、γ'两相的晶格常数及错配度较大;将合金高温固溶处理和空冷后,均匀且细小的立方γ'相自γ基体中析出,使合金中γ'、γ两相的晶格常数及错配度减小;经完全热处理后,立方γ'相均匀长大,并保持共格界面,使γ'、γ两相的晶格常数及错配度略有增加.合金经有或无应力时效后,γ'相发生定向粗化,并在两相之间出现界面位错,使合金中γ'、γ两相的晶格常数及错配度增加.其中,由于外加应力的作用,致使塑性较好的γ相晶格常数增加的幅度大于γ'相.     

Influence of microstructure stability on creep properties of single crystal nickel base superalloys

The influence of microstructure stability on the creep properties of single crystal nickel-based superalloys was investigated by means of the measurement of the creep curves and microstructure observation. Results show that the superalloy with 4%（mass fraction）W in Ni-AI-Cr-Ta-Co-5.5%Mo-x%W systems displays a better microstructure stability, but the β phase is precipitated in the superalloy with 6% W during aging. The strip-like μ phase is precipitated to be parallel or perpendicular to each other along the 〈110〉 orientation, and grown into the slice-like morphology along the { 111 } planes. The superalloy with 4%W displays a better creep rupture lifetime under the applied stress of 200 MPa at 982 ℃, but the creep lifetime of alloy is obviously decreased with the increase of the element W content up to 6%. The fact that the μ phase is precipitated in the superalloy with 6% W during applied stress and unstress aging results in the appearance of the poor regions for the refractory elements. This is one of the main reasons for reducing the creep rupture lifetime of the superalloy.