莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构及其动态变化特征

本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础，对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究，同时与历史资料进行对比，探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种，其中包括环节动物多毛类122种，软体动物46种，甲壳动物64种，棘皮动物18种，鱼类9种，其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1102.56 ± 216.32) ind./m2, 多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势；平均生物量为(28.16 ± 8.45) g/m2，软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性，低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域，高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显，夏季最高，秋季其次，春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现，莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。     

Effects of spatio-temporal and environmental factors on distribution and abundance of wintering anchovy Engraulis japonicus in central and southern Yellow Sea

We investigated the spatio-temporal and environmental factors that affect the distribution and abundance of wintering anchovy and quantifi es the infl uences of these factors. Generalized additive models(GAMs) were developed to examine the variation in species distribution and abundance with a set of spatiotemporal and oceanographic factors, using data collected by bottom trawl surveys and remote sensing in the central and southern Yellow Sea during 2000–2011. The fi nal model accounted for 28.21% and 41.03% of the variance in anchovy distribution and abundance, respectively. The results of a two-step GAM showed that hour, longitude, latitude, temperature gradient(TGR), and chlorophyll a(Chl- a) concentration best explained the anchovy distribution(presence/absence) and that a model including year, longitude, latitude, depth, sea surface temperature(SST), and TGR best described anchovy abundance(given presence). Longitude and latitude were the most important factors affecting both distribution and abundance, but the area of high abundance tended to be east and south of the area where anchovy were most likely to be present. Hour had a signifi cant effect on distribution, but year was more important for anchovy abundance, indicating that the anchovy catch ratio varied across the day but abundance had an apparent interannual variation. With respect to environmental factors, TGR and Chl- a concentration had effects on distribution, while depth, SST, and TGR affected abundance. Changes in SST between two successive years or between any year and the 2000–2011 mean were not associated with changes in anchovy distribution or abundance. This fi nding indicated that short- and long-term water temperature changes during 2000–2011 were not of suffi cient magnitude to give rise to variation in wintering anchovy distribution or abundance in the study area. The results of this study have important implications for fi sheries management.     

黄河口及其邻近水域春季东亚江豚分布规律

东亚江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri)是渤黄海水域仅有的常见鲸类动物,为我国二级保护水生野生动物,在世界自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature,IUCN)物种名录中被列为濒危级.渤海黄河口及其邻近水域是东亚...     

南四湖湿地遥感信息分区分层提取研究

该文以南四湖区为试验区,利用TM数据,在对各地类光谱特征进行系统分析的基础上,提出了分区和分层相结合的湿地信息提取技术方法。根据研究区各种湿地类型的空间分布特点,将该区分为两个湿地类型区;在每一个区内,根据湿地的光谱特征进行分层提取,采用单红外波段阈值法、模型法以及改进的监督分类等技术方法。结果显示,该区湿地有14类,其中,自然湿地91119 51hm2,人工湿地122243 13hm2。     

南四湖湿地遥感信息分区分层提取研究

该文以南四湖区为试验区，利用TM数据，在对各地类光谱特征进行系统分析的基础上，提出了分区和分层相结合的湿地信息提取技术方法。根据研究区各种湿地类型的空间分布特点，将该区分为两个湿地类型区；在每一个区内，根据湿地的光谱特征进行分层提取，采用单红外波段阈值法、模型法以及改进的监督分类等技术方法。结果显示，该区湿地有14类，其中，自然湿地91119．5lhm^2，人工湿地122243．13hm^2。     

智利外海竹筴鱼中心渔场时空变动的初步研究

根据2005年3～12月14艘中国渔船在智利外海的竹筴鱼生产统计数据和卫星遥感反演的海表温度、叶绿素浓度,分析智利外海竹筴鱼中心渔场的时空变动以及渔场与环境因子的关系.结果表明,随着南半球秋季转入冬季,竹筴鱼中心渔场相应地由南向北、由东向西推移,10月份渔场达到最北端,春末夏初开始南撤;智利外海竹筴鱼渔场的表层水温大致为12～16℃,中心渔场为14～15℃,月间略有差异;渔场的叶绿素质量浓度大致为0.06～0.12 mg/m~3,当渔场的叶绿素质量浓度处于0.08～0.10 mg/m~3时,渔船作业频次和竹筴鱼产量最高.