Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

嵩县螃蟹沟隐爆角砾岩体与钼金矿化成因探讨

螃蟹沟隐爆角砾岩体是河南省嵩县西北部众多含钼、金角砾岩体之一,这些角砾岩体具有成群、成带分布的特点.螃蟹沟角砾岩体的定位与分布受北西向背形、北西向和北东向断裂构造的复合控制,由燕山期钙碱性岩体与岩脉的侵入,以及随后发生的隐蔽爆发-坍塌作用而生成了角砾岩体.其中包括了震碎角砾岩、隐爆角砾岩、侵入角砾岩及坍塌角砾岩.岩体被后期断裂构造作用所复合叠加,致使钼、金富集成矿,形成"多型一体"的钼金矿床.     

小兴安岭西北部古生代地层的新资料及其意义

小兴安岭西北部和大兴安岭属同一构造单元,被划为海西褶皱带~[2,4,6,8,10]。根据过去的资料,此褶皱带内的古生代地层主要为上古生界;下古生界的志留系未确定~[6,11],可靠     

冰心中的气候环境记录与全球变化研究

冰心是高分辨地记录全球变化的主要信息载体之一。本文总结了冰心中提取古气候和古环境信息的系列记录，包括同位素、微量气体、阴阳离子、微粒、生物和有机质等。着重讨论了由这些记录提取的古气候和古环境变化方面的研究进展，并提出了今后的研究重点。     

现代海底热液硫化物烟囱体的生长模式研究现状

现代海底热液硫化物烟囱体的生长模式一直是人们讨论的焦点，这一问题的澄清有助于增进人们对海底热液活动演化规律的认识，包括烟囱体形成的物源和机制等问题。中国的现代海底热液活动研究正逐步走向成熟，海底热液矿床蕴含的巨大资源量越来越受到人们的重视，了解烟囱体本身的生长过程对于准确评估矿产资源量具有重要的意义。     

世界主要海洋强国综合实力测评研究

文章在回顾世界海洋强国发展历程和分析现阶段发展特点的基础上,构建国家层面的海洋综合实力评价指标体系,并结合层次分析法和加权积决策理论建立了综合实力测评模型。通过选取世界上8个有代表意义的海洋强国,结合其海洋综合实力的现状分析,利用测评模型对其进行测评排序,为我国"海洋强国"战略的科学规划提供参考。     

铂族元素测试分析中试样预处理方法研究

铂族元素(简称PGE)包括Rh,Ru,Pd,Pt,Ir,Os6个元素,在自然界中含量极低,且分布不均匀,一般是10-9~10-12,研究其痕量和超痕量的分析方法具有重要意义。试样的预处理效果直接影响到仪器测试分析数据的质量,针对具体样品采用适当的样品消解方法并辅之合适的分离富集手段,是铂族元素     

十红滩砂岩型铀矿床地浸采铀水文地质条件分析及评价

分析了十红滩砂岩型铀矿床地浸采铀水文地质条件,对浸铀的有利和不利因素进行了评价,并运用地球化学模式证明传统的酸法和碱法浸铀试验不适合十红滩铀矿床,并对浸铀的方法提出了一些建议和设想。     

克拉玛依市土地利用规划实施的生态效果研究

对土地利用规划实施带来的环境影响的评价属于战略环境评价范畴的回顾性评价,借助反映生态效应的生态系统服务价值的变化可以定量描述土地利用规划通过土地利用对环境带来的影响。论文采用干旱区生态资产价值核算技术和方法,估算了规划基期、近期和规划实施评价期的生态资产价值,不同时期生态资产价值的变动趋势表明区域环境因规划实施得到改善。本文最后讨论了利用生态资产价值核算技术筛选环境可行的规划备选方案的局限性和存在的问题。