THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA—PART Ⅱ:ISPRM AND VSPRM2

Based on the practice of improved simultaneous physical retrieval model(ISPRM),in the lightof the functional analysis approach,the variational simultaneous physical retrieval model(VSPRM)has been developed.Its approximation of 1st degree is VSPRM1,which is identicalwith the ISPRM.Its approximation of 2nd degree is VSPRM2,more advanced than the VSPRM1.This paper has analyzed the function of VSPRM2,pointing out the potentiality of synergy retrievalof this model.Also,it has dealt with the problem of parameterization of water vapor's kernelfunctions and retrieval of water vapor remote sensing.Because of the characteristics of this strong ill posed inverse problem,prior information mustbe used wisely in order to get the accurate calculation of radiance R.In the previous paper,wediscussed how to build the best first guess field,the way to determine the P_s and to correct thecalculation of radiance.In this paper,we continue discussing in depth about the calculation oftransmittance,the determination of surface parameters and the selection for an optimumcombination of channels for the low-level sounding.The long-term experiment and comparison work under operational environment have shownthat the ISPRM is useful for retrieval of temperature and water vapor parameters over Chinaincluding the Tibetan Plateau,and it further proves the scientific nature of well-posed inversetheory.     

美国利用NOAA极轨环境卫星反演面温度的发展现状

１９９０年以来，美国国家海洋大气局（ＮＯＡＡ），国家环境卫星资料和信息服务中心（ＮＥＳＤＩＳ）一直利用改进的甚高分辨率辐射仪（ＡＶＨＲＲ）多个红外通道数据和非线性算法，提供卫星海面温度（ＳＳＴ）资料，该文从辐射传输方程入手来描述线笥及非线性ＳＳＴ算法，阐明非线性算法比线性算法精确，并介绍了目前美国在这方面工作的进展。     

THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA-PARTI:ISPRM AND SRRM

A review of ten-year's practice in developing the improved simultaneous physical retrievalmethod(ISPRM)is given in the hope that some creative ideas can be drawn from it.Theimprovement upon the SPRM is associated with the under-determinedness of this ill-posed inverseproblem.In our experiment,the precondition is observed that prior information must beindependent of the satellite measurements.The well-posed retrieval theory has told us that theforward process is fundamental for the retrieval,and it is the bridge between the input of satelliteradiance and the output of retrievals.In order to obtain a better result from the forward process.the full advantage of every prior information available must be taken.It is necessary to turn the ill-posed inverse problem into the well-posed one.Then by using the Ridge regression or Bayesalgorithm to find the optimal combination among the first guess,the theoretical analogueinformation and the satellite observations,the impact of the under-determinedness of this inverseproblem on the numerical solution is minimized.     

陕北浅层石油钻井施工

介绍了浅层石油生产井施工技术，主要设备和钻进工艺，指出易发生的质量问题和保质措施以及经常发生的孔内事故及其处理等。     

东亚地区气象参数卫星遥感反演理论和方法研究I:ISPRM和SRRM

文中对10a来改进的同步物理反演方法（ISPRM）实践与发展进行了总结。在不违背先验信息和卫星测值之间独立的原则下,所做的改进都是针对这类非适定反演问题的欠定性（under－determinedness）进行的。由适定反演理论知道,正演是反演的基础,又是卫星辐射率测值输入和反演结果输出之间的桥梁。为了获得好的正演,就必须竭尽可能充分利用一切可以使用的先验信息,把非适定反演问题转化成适定的反演问题,从而通过Ridge回归或Bayes反演过程,把先验信息、理论模拟信息和卫星探测信息三者最佳地结合起来,以最大限度减少这类反演问题的欠定性对数值解的影响。     

长岭断陷火山岩储层内碳酸盐矿物碳氧同位素组成及其成因

碳酸盐矿物是火山岩储层内重要的矿物成分,长岭断陷火山岩储层内的自生碳酸盐矿物主要是方解石.本文通过对营城组储层内方解石矿物的碳氧同位素特征分析,探讨储层内碳酸盐矿物成因.研究表明,长岭断陷火山岩储层内方解石δ13 CV-PDB值范围为-12.7‰～0.4‰,δ18OV-SMOw值范围为3.8‰～12‰,具有高δ18O值.与方解石平衡的CO2碳同位素计算值范围较宽,为-16.0‰～2.2‰,表明其形成物质的多源性.在δ18 O-δ13C图解中显示,形成碳酸盐矿物的CO2来源于幔源-岩浆无机成因的CO2和有机质演化过程中产生的CO2,以无机成因CO2源为主.这些无机成因CO2、有机成因CO2和沉积有机质热演化产生的有机酸溶于流体,形成酸性流体.火山岩储层中碳酸盐矿物的形成实质就是这种酸性流体与储层围岩反应的结果.     

长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩形成古环境及主控因素

恢复烃源岩形成时期的古环境,落实优质烃源岩发育主控因素对确定湖相烃源岩发育层系及刻画烃源岩非均质性意义重大.利用岩石学、元素地球化学对长岭断陷早白垩世火石岭期至营城期的古环境进行恢复,并对反映古环境的微量元素含量及其比值与有机碳含量(Total Organic Carbon, TOC)进行相关性分析,确定控制湖相烃源岩发育的主要环境因素.研究表明,从火石岭期至沙河子期,再到营城期,长岭断陷经历了古水深从变深到变浅,古气候从潮湿-半潮湿气候到半干旱气候,古盐度从淡水相到半咸水相,湖泊水体还原性从增强到减弱的古环境演化过程,早白垩世不同时期长岭断陷古环境表现出明显的分带性,古气候和氧化还原条件是控制长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩发育的主要环境因素.长岭断陷沙河子组二段烃源岩形成于潮湿与缺氧的古环境,该时期湖盆演化处于均衡补偿阶段,且烃源岩古生产力较高,因此研究区沙河子组二段优质烃源岩十分发育,分布广.      

北京红外窗区大气透过率观测

文章总结了１９９０－１９９５年对红外窗区大气透过率的观测结果，以实测整层大气透过率与理论模拟计算透过率作了对比，并对大气中的水汽，微量气体和大气污染物对透过率的影响作了初步分析。     

金刚石聚晶与复合片混合齿钻头

本文重点阐述了金刚石聚晶与复合片混合齿钻头的特点,并比较详细地叙述了这种新型钻头的设计思想、制造工艺以及在油田勘探使用中与牙轮钻头的效果比较,为石油地质钻探提供了一条选择新型钻头的途径.