Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins： CO2 generation

Basalts interbedded with oil source rocks are discovered frequently in rift basins of eastern China, where CO2 is found in reservoirs around or within basalts, for example in the Binnan reservoir of the Dongying Depression. In the reservoirs, CO2 with heavy carbon isotopic composition (δ13C>-10‰ PDB) is in most cases accounts for 40% of the total gas reserve, and is believed to have resulted from degassing of basaltic magma from the mantle. In their investigations of the Binnan reservoir, the authors suggested that the CO2 would result from interactions between the source rocks and basalts. As the source rocks around basalts are rich in carbonate minerals, volcanic minerals, transition metals and organic matter, during their burial history some of the transition metals were catalyzed on the thermal degradation of organic matter into hydrocarbons and on the decomposition of carbonate minerals into CO2, which was reproduced in thermal simulations of the source rocks with the transition metals (Ni and Co). This kind of CO2 accounts for 55%-85% of the total gas reserve generated in the process of thermal simulation, and its δ13C values range from -11‰- -7.2‰ PDB, which are very similar to those of CO2 found in the Binnan reservoir. The co-generation of CO2 and hydrocarbon gases makes it possible their accumulation together in one trap. In other words, if the CO2 resulted directly from degassing of basaltic magma or was derived from the mantle, it could not be accumulated with hydrocarbon gases because it came into the basin much earlier than hydrocarbon generation and much earlier than trap formation. Therefore, the source rocks around basalts generated hydrocarbons and CO2 simultaneously through catalysis of Co and Ni transition metals, which is useful for the explanation of co-accumulation of hydrocarbon gases and CO2 in rift basins in eastern China.     

共沉淀富集法测定海水中稀土元素含量方法研究

稀土元素已越来越多地应用于示踪各类地球化学体系的物质来源与岩石矿物形成等演化过程。但在进行海水样品的稀土元素检测时，由于样品的高盐特征和稀土元素的痕量特征又使得分析具有相当的挑战性。本研究旨在从高盐的海水基质中有效分离并富集痕量的稀土元素，同时结合电感耦合等离子体质谱（Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS）技术对海水中的稀土进行定量分析。通过对海水样品稀土元素的定量限分析、加标回收实验和梯度加标回收实验，验证了方法的准确性，评估方法的分离富集效率。通过共沉淀过程中的pH比较、氢氧化钠与氨水作为共沉淀剂的比较，确定了富集过程中共沉淀剂用量、种类等影响因素。通过稀土元素配分曲线的绘制与类似样品结果进行比对，以及标准海水的检测结果，验证了方法在实际样品中的可行性。本研究探索了共沉淀富集法在分离富集海水中稀土元素的实验条件，实现高盐背景下痕量稀土的准确定量，并将其用于近岸海水与孔隙水的实际检测。     

基于网格的高性能地理信息系统初探

网格技术不仅可以解决由于WebGIS缺少"集成"和"互操作"所造成异构GIS应用之间的数据共享与互操作问题;而且可以结合高性能计算手段解决GIS扩展应用中的高密集的计算问题。Grid GIS不仅能为应用提供丰富的各类GIS资源,而且为解决分布异构环境下的GIS共享以及互操作提供了可行的解决方案。然而如何利用Grid技术为那些异构GIS应用提供高性能计算服务,成为一个值得探索的问题。为此,本文初步探讨了基于Grid的高性能GIS的体系结构、整体布局等关键技术,同时对如何构建高性能的GIS服务节点提出了相应的解决办法。     

辩题6:遥感事业的发展应是政府主导而不是企业主导

众所周知，遥感的应用领域非常广泛，小到室内的工业测量，大到全球陆地、海洋、大气的信息采集，其中更涉及军事侦察和地形测绘等国防领域。如此广泛而特殊的应用使得遥感不同于一般的事业或产业领域，所以，其发展方向也就尤为重要。究竟遥感事业的发展应是政府主导还是企业主导呢？我方的观点是政府主导。下面我将从两方面阐述我方观点。     

面向空间信息的数据网格研究

数据网格的发展促进了空间信息的协同合作和资源共享,然而,随着空间数据源呈现出越来越明显的分布性、异构性和动态性特点,如何实现大范围乃至全球范围的无缝集成和应用成为重要的研究课题。空间信息的数据特征和管理机制决定了只有在一个开放的、分布的系统平台上,才能实现全面的管理、共享和使用。本文论述了如何借助数据网格研究分布式空间数据协同操作和控制技术,提供一种服务一致化技术,将各种分布异构的数据资源通过网格化过程来实现数据服务的标准化,为用户提供一致化的接口。并对其中的研究重点进行了详细讨论。