极地海洋边界层花粉初步研究

在中国第22次南极考察过程中,采用大容量悬浮颗粒采样器收集了雪龙船航线海洋边界层气溶胶样品。对采自热带、温带和南极的典型样品进行了花粉种类鉴定,并讨论了花粉的组成及分布特征。在此基础上,结合HYSPLIT大气输送和扩散模型,探讨了花粉的来源及其传输路径。     

Sodium and potassium in the bones of penguin and skua revealed by EPR and SR-XRF technique

Penguin and skua in the maritime Antarctic have high salt loadings in the body due to almost exclusive diet consumption of marine invertebrates. However, the storage and turnover of sodium and potassium in these animals are poorly investigated. Here we determined the concentration and microscopic distribution of the two elements in the bones of penguin and skua. The average concentrations of sodium and potassium in penguin bone were comparable with that in skua bone (0.18% and 0.82% for penguin bone; 0.19% and 0.76% for skua bone in dry weight). The ratios of sodium to calcium and potassium to calcium (0.0330 and 0.0075 for penguin, 0.0335 and 0.0082 for skua in average by weight) were somewhat higher than the reported ratios for terrestrial animals, indicating these marine animals' bone enrichment of salt. The ratios of sodium to potassium in average by weight were 6.75 and 4.65 for penguin and skua, respectively. This value is much lower compared with the bulk sea water ratio of about 27.0, implying that potassium is favorable to reside in the bone rather than sodium. Both sodium and potassium were found to significant correlation with the content of organic materials in bone based upon the intensity of native signal determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was estimated that almost all of potassium is kept within the organic phases, while about 30% of sodium is stored in organic phases and the other 70% within mineral phase. The microscopic distributions of potassium in the cross-section and/or surface were revealed by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) technique. The ratio of potassium to calcium based upon the SR-XRF intensity counter varied considerably from the surface to the interior, and on the surface the highest concentration of potassium was observed in the middle section with decreasing amounts toward the edge. This indirectly documented that exchange of potassium between fluid and bone organic phase maybe occur.     

溴、碘、砷、镉等有益有害元素形态分析技术及生态环境地球化学应用

率先在国土资源领域培育并形成相对稳定的元素化学形态(价态、金属有机化合物等)分析及其生态环境地球化学应用研究团队,采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术,开展生态环境地球化学样品中痕量溴、碘、砷、镉、汞、锡、铅、铬、硒等有益有害元素的价态、金属有机化合物等形态分析方法研究,初步建立了有益有害元素形态分析体系。建立的形态分析方法灵敏度高、检出限低,具有创新性和实用性,工作成果在国内外期刊发表论文20篇。形态分析方法在我国环境地球化学研究中得到应用并取得了良好的应用成果,从形态分析水平上表征元素的环境地球化学及其健康效应在国内外属于探索性工作。     

同步辐射加速器X荧光分析技术在北极气溶胶研究中的应用

本文应用同步辐射加速器X荧光(SR-XRF)分析技术并结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法对中国首次北极考察采集的气溶胶样品进行了定量分析。SR-XRF方法对6种元素的分辨率分别为1.1ng/cm2(Ca)、39.7ng/cm2(V)、17.6ng/cm2(Fe)、2.3ng/cm2(Ni)、1.8ng/cm2(Zn)、6.4ng/cm2(Pb)。6种元素的浓度分别为117.3(ng/m3,Ca)、16.5(ng/m3,V)、19.3(ng/m3,Fe)、3.4(ng/m3,Ni)、4.5(ng/m3,Zn)、1.4(ng/m3,Pb)。该结果与文献报道的相应海区夏季气溶胶化学成分含量具有可比性。由于SR-XRF方法灵敏度高,属于无损分析,在极地气溶胶研究中具有广泛的应用前景。