东营市三个河口区域表层海水重金属的分布与生态风险评价

2015年8月监测了东营市广利河、神仙沟河、挑河3个河口海水中7种重金属污染物浓度,以二类海水水质标准来看,3个河口的重金属主要污染物为铜和汞。与国内外其它河口的海水重金属污染物浓度相比,东营市河口海域的Hg浓度在国内居于较高水平,其它污染物则处于中等水平。采用风险商(HQs)和联合概率曲线(JPCs)相结合的方法,评价了7种重金属对三个河口海域的生态风险,发现As,Cd,Hg和Pb对3个河口海域的生态风险可接受,Cu,Cr6+和Zn不可接受。其中Cu,Cr6+和Zn对广利河和神仙沟河河口海域的生态风险大小顺序均为CuZnCr~(6+),对挑河河口为CuCr~(6+)Zn,Cu为3个河口海域的主要污染物。本研究为东营市河口区域重金属污染的生态管理提供科学依据。     

AAS次灵敏吸收线测定高银物料中银

研究了利用银次灵敏线338.28nm测定高银物料中银的含量,克服了用银的灵敏线328.08nm测定高含量银的不足,采用冶金部标准物质铅精矿YT88011,锌精矿ZnS-02分析验证,测定结果与标准值吻合。方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.5%~1.5%。该方法适用于各种含铅高银物料和含银量高达1%~10%的铅阳极泥及需要大称样量的粗铅中银的测定。     

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory in Huludao City,Liaoning Province,China

At present, the methods widely applied to assess ecological risk of heavy metals are essentially single-point estimates in which exposure and toxicity data cannot be fully used and probabilities of adverse biological eff ects cannot be achieved. In this study, based on investigation of concentrations of six heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory, located in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China, a tiered approach consisting of several probabilistic options was used to refine ecological risk assessment for the individuals. A mixture of various heavy metals was detected in the surface seawater, and potential ecological risk index (PERI) was adopted to assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediment. The results from all levels of aquatic ecological risk assessment in the tiered framework, ranging from comparison of single eff ects and exposure values to the use of distribution-based Hazard Quotient obtained through Monte Carlo simulation, are consistent with each other. Briefly, aquatic Zn and Cu posed a clear ecological risk, while Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in the water column posed potential risk. As expected, combined ecological risk of heavy metal mixture in the surface seawater was proved significantly higher than the risk caused by any individual heavy metal, calculated using the concept of total equivalent concentration. According to PERI, the severity of pollution by the six heavy metals in the surface sediment decreased in the following sequence: Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Zn, and the total heavy metals in the sediment posed a very high risk to the marine environment. This study provides a useful mathematical framework for ecological risk assessment of heavy metals.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定钒钛磁铁矿中铁钛钒

样品采用HCl-HF-HNO3-HClO4四酸溶矿、H2SO4-HF-HNO3三酸溶矿、KOH碱熔3种分解方法进行处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钒钛磁铁矿中的铁、钛、钒。结果表明,3种样品处理方法应用于ICP-AES测定是可行的。KOH碱熔适用于方法比对,三酸溶矿适用于样品内检分析,四酸溶矿适用于大批量样品测定。对铁、钛、钒三元素选择适合的分析谱线,以冶金行业钒钛磁铁矿标准样品制备的溶液绘制标准曲线,可消除试液基体和介质不一致对测定结果的影响。样品试液中主要共存离子对选择的分析线干扰小。采用四酸溶矿ICP-AES测定铁、钛、钒的方法检出限分别为0.0032%、0.0024%、0.0003%,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.43%～5.06%。经实验室间比对和批量样品方法比对实验,测定值无明显系统偏差。建立的方法具有样品分解完全、测定含量范围宽、分析简便快速、结果准确等优点,适用于钒钛磁铁矿样品中铁、钛、钒的测定。