1822号台风“山竹”的涡旋Rossby波特征分析

采用WRF中尺度模式对2018年22号台风“山竹”进行高分辨率的数值模拟,在此基础上,分析台风的精细动力结构和雨带特征。分析结果发现,台风“山竹”的眼墙处具有低层辐合流入、高层辐散流出的动力配置;台风眼墙附近存在切向风速的高值区和明显的垂直上升区,并且随着高度逐渐向外侧倾斜,同时该处的雷达回波也较强,对流系统较为深厚。然后利用尺度分离方法得到涡旋罗斯贝(Rossby）波的扰动场,进一步分析了台风“山竹”内部的涡旋Rossby波特征。研究发现：1）1波和2波会同时沿着切向和径向方向传播,2波的振幅明显小于1波;1波和2波的正涡度扰动大值区基本覆盖强的雷达回波区域,同时伴有较强的对流活动。2）垂直方向上,降水区的涡度扰动呈现出上层为正、下层为负的动力配置时,同时散度扰动的垂直方向也有类似配置时,则会加强对流系统的发展,有利于降水的增强。由此可见,1波和2波扰动的上层辐散下层辐合的动力配置会促使对流系统的加强,同时也会对台风降水的强度和分布有一定的作用。     

1822号台风"山竹"的涡旋Rossby波特征分析

采用WRF中尺度模式对2018年22号台风"山竹"进行高分辨率的数值模拟,在此基础上,分析台风的精细动力结构和雨带特征。分析结果发现,台风"山竹"的眼墙处具有低层辐合流入、高层辐散流出的动力配置;台风眼墙附近存在切向风速的高值区和明显的垂直上升区,并且随着高度逐渐向外侧倾斜,同时该处的雷达回波也较强,对流系统较为深厚。然后利用尺度分离方法得到涡旋罗斯贝(Rossby)波的扰动场,进一步分析了台风"山竹"内部的涡旋Rossby波特征。研究发现:1) 1波和2波会同时沿着切向和径向方向传播,2波的振幅明显小于1波; 1波和2波的正涡度扰动大值区基本覆盖强的雷达回波区域,同时伴有较强的对流活动。2)垂直方向上,降水区的涡度扰动呈现出上层为正、下层为负的动力配置时,同时散度扰动的垂直方向也有类似配置时,则会加强对流系统的发展,有利于降水的增强。由此可见,1波和2波扰动的上层辐散下层辐合的动力配置会促使对流系统的加强,同时也会对台风降水的强度和分布有一定的作用。     

Diagnostic Analysis of Wave Action Density During Heavy Rainfall Caused by Landfalling Typhoon

Based on prior investigation, this work defined a new thermodynamic shear advection parameter, which combines the vertical component of convective vorticity vector, horizontal divergence, and vertical gradient of generalized potential temperature. The interaction between waves and fundamental states was computed for the heavyrainfall event generated by landfalling typhoon“Morakot”. The analysis data was produced by ADAS [ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) Data Analysis System] combined with the NCEP / NCAR final analysis data (1° × 1°, 26 vertical pressure levels and 6-hour interval) with the routine observations of surface and sounding. Because it may describe the typical vertical structure of dynamical and thermodynamic fields, the result indicates that the parameter is intimately related to precipitation systems. The parameter’s positive high-value area closely matches the reported 6-hour accumulated surface rainfall. And the statistical analysis reveals a certain correspondence between the thermodynamic shear advection parameter and the observed 6-hour accumulated surface rainfall in the summer of 2009. This implies that the parameter can predict and indicate the rainfall area, as well as the initiation and evolution of precipitation systems.