Temporal variability of temperature-nitrate relationship in a coastal region

The inverse relationship between nitrate and temperature （N-T relationship） has been used to estimate new production from remotely sensed sea surface temperature at the regional or global scale of oceans. This study aimed to develop a time-series model of the N-T relationship from automated, continuous hourly observations over two years on the coast of Halifax, Canada. The model demonstrated time-series variability of the N-T relationship at a coastal station on the Nova Scotia Shelf, with adjusted R2=0.999 4 and RMSE=0.025 7. The maximum residual value was 0.077. The annual temperature variations described a sine curve, and daily, weekly, and monthly variations fluctuated within the normal ranges, controlled by the local climate. The annual variation of nitrate concentration formed nearly a sine curve. Heavy or long- lasting rainfall increased nitrate concentration by 4 to 30-fold in 24 h, and then the increased nitrogen was quickly depleted by phytoplankton growth in 10 to 48 h. In general, biological activity was a key factor in causing nitrate concentration change, dependent mainly on seawater temperature. The power function of the N-T relationship observed in our study area could be used to quickly estimate sea surface nitrate concentration, in combination with temperature data obtained by remote sensing.     

含天然气水合物的海底沉积物的电学特性实验

电阻率法是估算含水合物储层饱和度的常用方法之一.为了解海底沉积物中天然气水合物的电学特性,利用搭建的天然气水合物电阻率测量系统,以天然气水合物-南海沉积物-3.5％的盐水为研究体系,测量了天然气水合物在沉积物中形成过程中温度、压力、电阻率的变化.天然气水合物在水饱和的沉积物中由溶解气与水形成.实验中通过液压系统对沉积物压实以及采用较薄的样品来保证水合物在筒状的沉积物的均匀分布.当实验结束时,样品中水合物的饱和度达到39.8％时,样品的电阻率从水饱和时的2.024 Ωm增大到水合物饱和度为39.8％时的2.878 Ωm,增加到了1.4倍.电阻率法可以有效的识别含水合物的沉积物.实验测试结果表明,该实验装置工作稳定可靠,可为研究含天然气水合物的电学特性与饱和度的定量关系提供实验模拟技术支持.     

海底多相流作用下的含水合物沉积地层静水力学性质分析

海底多相流动区域沉积物孔隙内流体迁移-甲烷输运-水合物形成是一种普遍模式,形成的水合物在孔隙内沉淀并与多孔介质骨架胶结从而改变当地的地层结构和性质。水合物的不断形成将减少沉积地层孔隙度,改变孔隙内各相间界面张力,增大当地孔隙的进入压力及毛细压力,增强地层滞后效应,降低地层渗透率,同时多相流体流动前缘气液分离带变厚而使得气柱变长。建立了在这类环境里水合物-水-气-盐共同作用下的水合物成藏模型,选择合适的参数分析了水合物形成对沉积地层静水力学性质等的影响关系。最后根据资料估算了南海北部神狐海域沉积物内甲烷气柱的分布,结果表明：随着水合物在沉积物孔隙内逐渐饱和,临界甲烷气柱长度将在接近海底面处达到最大,约为09 m。     

一种基于整层水汽通量的南海夏季风爆发指数

利用1951～2000年的NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析风场、比湿和海平面气压资料,得到南海区域的整层水汽通量。根据南海夏季风爆发前后水汽通量的特征分析,定义了南海夏季风爆发指数IVIMT,并确定出1951～2000年南海夏季风的爆发日期。通过分析发现,利用该指数可以合理地确定南海夏季风的爆发时间。