基于地基GPS遥感的大连地区大气水汽总量变化特征

基于大连地区地基GPS综合观测网遥感反演了大气水汽总量（PWV）,分析了大连地区PWV空间变化、逐月变化和日变化特征以及PWV变化与降水的关系,并利用大连本站2005-2011年的探空资料拟合了大连地区地面温度和大气加权平均温度的关系。结果表明：大连本站的PWV与探空积分的水汽含量相关系数达到0.988,均方根误差为2.5 mm。大连地区PWV南北分布比较均匀;PWV最大的月份为7-8月,最大月平均值约40 mm,PWV最小的月份为1月,最小月平均值小于4 mm;大连地区PWV春季和冬季日变化幅度约0.5 mm,夏季和秋季日变化幅度约1.3 mm。夏季和秋季的PWV日变化呈单峰型,春季和冬季的PWV日变化呈多峰型; 在降水发生前8 h 大气水汽总量有明显增加过程,对降水的发生有指示作用。     

会商室新布局及MICAPS工作流程

1引言MICAPS系统是9210工程中支持天气预报制作的人机交互系统。大连市气象台会商室不仅是天气预报制作的重要基地（即MICAPS系统）,而且也是对外提供准确及时、科学高效的优质服务的窗口。在MICAPS系统准业务运行必将正式业务运行的形势下,为了更好地发挥MICAPS系统的效益即发挥其优势部分,克服其不完善之处,不仅对其进行硬件配置及设计会商室新布局是必不可少的,而且对其进行软件开发及设计新工作流程也是势在必行。2会商室MICAPS系统配备方案硬件配备的设计原则,一是要能发挥MICAPS系统的总体效益,二是要以性能价…     

大连地区及黄渤海域灾害性天气预报运行系统

运行子系统包括系统设计,建立用户接口软件,解决预报结论屏幕显示及建立将多个模块综合,以人机交互和自动运行两种方式运行。     

IMPACTS OF TWO TROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIENCING EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION DURING NORTHWARD PROGRESSION ON THE RAINFALL OF LIAODONG PENINSULA

Both of Typhoon Winnie (9711) and Matsa (0509) underwent an extratropical transition (ET) process when they moved northward after landfall and affected Liaodong Peninsula. However, Matsa produced half as much rainfall as Winnie, although it struck Liaodong Peninsula directly while Winnie passed through the Bohai Sea. The relations between the ET processes and the precipitation over Liaodong Peninsula are examined. The result shows that the precipitation difference between Winnie and Matsa was closely related to the interactions between the westerly systems and typhoons during their ET processes. Winnie was captured by the upper westerly trough and then coupled with it when moving to the mid-latitudes, and the positive anomaly of moist potential vorticity (MPV) was transported downward from the upper troposphere over the remnant circulation of the tropical cyclone (TC). It was favorable to the interaction between tropical warm and wet air and westerly cold air, causing convective cloud clusters to form and develop. The rain belt composed of several meso-β cloud clusters over the Liaodong Peninsula, resulting in heavy rainfall. On the other hand, Matsa did not couple with any upper trough during its ET process and the positive anomaly of MPV in the upper troposphere and its downward transfer were weak. Only one meso-β cloud cluster occurred in Matsa’s rain belt during its ET process that tended to lessen rainfall over Liaodong Peninsula.     

GPS遥感大气可降水量在大连地区3次降水过程中的应用

利用大连市气象局地基GPS/MET观测网大气可降水量（PWV）数据,分析2011年大连瓦房店、庄河和长海地区降水天气过程PWV的变化特征及其与降水量和降水强度的关系,在此基础上通过分析物理量场和天气系统,探讨大尺度水汽输送、辐合与PWV变化的关系及GPS在暴雨天气中的应用。结果表明：PWV的增长方式受当地天气系统的支配和制约,对一次明显的降水过程,从开始至结束PWV的变化与降水量有明显的相关性。当有水汽由南向北输送时,PWV在降水开始前逐渐增长,当地面及高空有大范围的水汽辐合且高空比湿值大于10 g·kg^-1时,PWV显著增长（降水开始前4-5 h）,主要降水时段与PWV峰值相对应,同时PWV的增幅大小与降水强度有明显的关系。     

楚科奇和西伯利亚陆架颗粒有机物的来源：碳、氮同位素的线索

The stable isotopic composition(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N) of particulate organic matter(POM) in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September, 2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM. The δ~(13)C_(POC) values were in the range of -29.5‰ to-17.5‰ with an average of -25.9‰±2.0‰, and the δ~(15)N_(PN) values ranged from 3.9‰ to 13.1‰ with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰. The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf, while the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values were just the opposite. Abnormally low C/N ratios(4), low δ~(13)C_(POC)(almost-28‰) and high δ~(15)N_(PN)(10‰) values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya, which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton. The contributions of terrestrial POM, bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model. The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward, indicating the influence of Russian rivers. The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward, suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf. The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery. A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed, indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM, the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves.     

2002年6月渤海中北部地区一次暴雨成因分析

利用常规资料、诊断分析资料和卫星云图资料对 2002年渤海中北部地区一次暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明 ,暴雨过程是在天气尺度大槽前稳定降水区中由于超低空急流扰动产生的中尺度低涡和地面低压造成的。不同高度的急流对暴雨的形成有重要的作用 ,渤海低涡是本次暴雨过程的触发系统。     

会商室新布局及MICAPS工作流程

MICAPS系统是9210工程中支持天气预报制作的人机交互系统。大连市气象台会商室不仅是天气预报制作的重要基地(即MICAPS系统)．而且也是对外提供准确及时、科学高教的优质服务的窗口。在MICAPS系统准业务运行必将正式业务运行的形势下．为了更好地发挥MICAPS系统的效益即发挥其优势部分．     

黄、渤海大风的次天气尺度环流特征及其应用

选取2008年12月出现在黄、渤海的一次大风过程,采用常规观测资料和NCEP全球再分析资料,对大风期间的次天气尺度特征及其与天气尺度系统之间的相互作用进行了诊断分析。结果表明,黄、渤海大风区的次天气尺度环流具有明显的波动特征,这种波动结构的维持与否和大风期间的天气尺度背景密切相关。黄、渤海位于高空槽前,波动结构维持,该区域从次天气尺度系统获得正涡度和动能,气旋发展,大风形成。中纬度斜压带东南移至黄、渤海上空,波动结构遭到破坏,消耗次天气尺度系统涡度,气旋减弱,但低层大气仍获得次天气尺度系统动能,大风维持。在与高空槽相互作用的过程中,虽然次天气尺度环流有不同的分布特征,但低层大气若获得次天气尺度动能,则有利于动能输入地区的风速增幅和大风持续,若消耗次天气尺度系统动能,大风停止。次天气尺度动能大值区主要在850hPa以下的低层。