无锡梅雨期湿沉降综合分析

利用2008—2014年梅雨期间酸雨观测资料及2014年6月16—27日降水个例加密采样资料,结合大气污染物资料分析了近7 a无锡梅雨期酸雨特征,研究降水过程中空气污染物、p H值、电导率的变化及降水对污染物的清除作用。结果表明:无锡市梅雨期酸雨年平均p H值呈现逐年递增趋势。降水过程中,颗粒物质量浓度显著降低;气体浓度变化受其自身日变化及排放源影响大于雨水的清除作用;样品的p H值、K值每个过程变化并不一致,K值变化与颗粒物质量浓度变化大致保持一致。降水、风对颗粒物质量浓度影响大于对气体浓度的影响。长时间连续降水时,降水对颗粒污染物的清除存在极限。小时雨量在0~0.5 mm时,降水对颗粒物浓度做负清除,其值反而略有增加;小时雨量在0.6~5.0 mm时,降水对颗粒物质量浓度做正清除;小时雨量达到5.1 mm及以上时,对PM_(2.5)和PM_(2.5-10)做正清除,对PM_(10)做负清除。降水对SO_2有稀释清除作用;对NO_2的稀释作用取决于其开始浓度值;对CO、O_3的清除作用不显著。     

NEW DEFINITION FOR NORTH HUAIHE RIVER RAINY SEASON AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN PRECIPITATION ANOMALY YEARS

In this article, a new definition for the North Huaihe River rainy season (NHRS) is presented using summer daily precipitation in East China and subtropical high ridge axis at 500 hPa. By calculating the annual precipitation amounts in the NHRS and Meiyu of the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin (YHMY) from 1961 to 2009, the dates of precipitation beginning and ending as well as the duration of the two rainy seasons in the 49 years are analyzed. Atmospheric circulation characteristics in positive and negative precipitation anomaly years during the NHRS are also studied. Results are shown as follows. (1) The new definition for the NHRS is much easier to use. It involves only two meteorological factors, making its application more practical. It can also distinguish two rainy periods of the NHRS more objectively. (2) The average duration of the NHRS is similar to that of the YHMY, except that its average dates of beginning and ending are about one week later than those of the YHMY. The average precipitation of the NHRS is slightly less than that of the YHMY, and the yearly precipitation variation of the two rainy seasons are similar to each other with no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the 49 years, but with distinguished decadal and inter-annual variations. (3) In positive precipitation anomaly years, the South Asian high moves more northward and more eastward, the western Pacific subtropical high is located more northward and westward, and the summer monsoon is stronger than normal, resulting in the convergence of the warm and moist southwesterly airflow from the west side of the subtropical high and the cold air from the north side of the northeast trough in North Huaihe River basin.     

太湖局地小气候特征

利用2004年12月至2009年2月无锡马山自动站和无锡学前街自动站气温数据,分析了太湖地区局地小气候的变化特征。结果表明：太湖地区局地小气候特征非常显著,总体上表现为年际、季际、月际和各时段的平均气温较其他地区异常偏低。但在不同的气象条件背景下如晴天、雨天和各种特殊天气存在不同的特点。晴天太湖地区主要表现为气温偏低;雨天春夏秋季主要表现为气温偏高,而冬季表现为气温偏低。高温、暴雪天气条件下,太湖地区主要为气温偏低但强度上存在很大的差异,而寒潮天气条件下太湖地区气温相较其他地区则时高时低。