氨基酸液体肥料替代氮肥对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响

【目的】氮肥减施条件下,筛选出适合辣椒生长的氨基酸液体肥料比例,提高辣椒的产量及品质。【方法】以辉腾8号为材料,共设6个处理,以常规施肥为对照,减施氮肥10%、20%、30%、40%、50%,配施氨基酸液体肥料,测定辣椒的生长指标、产量及品质指标,分析氨基酸液体肥料替代化肥对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】各处理对辣椒的生长、产量及品质都有影响。T4处理可以提高辣椒的产量,其中,单果重、单株果实数、单株产量、小区产量分别比CK提高0.17%、28.98%、10.11%、24.64%。同时,T4处理可以改善辣椒的品质,果形指数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、VC比CK提高12.62%、10.92%、3.63%、30.44%,硝酸盐含量比CK降低22.61%。【结论】氨基酸液体肥料可以替代部分氮肥且T4处理(减施氮肥40%,配施28 kg/667m²的氨基酸液体肥料)进行基施和追施,可使辣椒的产量和品质达到最好。     

塔里木河下游阿拉干断面胡杨林空间分布特征及其影响因素

通过小尺度生态监测与遥感数据分析获取塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林现状信息,集中对阿拉干断面设立的100hm2长期监测样方内的胡杨树进行了详细的调查,对该断面胡杨林空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：塔里木河下游的胡杨具有伴河生长的特性;随着离河距离的增加,胡杨株数呈递减趋势;大部分胡杨主要分布在离河道200m范...     

塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林近地表沙尘通量及粒度特征

[目的]分析主导风向下塔里木河下游阿拉干断面天然胡杨河岸林迎风面和背风面的沙尘输沙量及粒度特征,为该区天然河岸林防风固沙提供理论依据。[方法]利用BSNE梯度集沙仪采集两个迎风面样地(Y₁,Y₂)和两个背风面样地(B₁,B₂)近地表10,30,50,100和150 cm这5个高度的沉积物,再由Microtrac S3500激光衍射粒度分析仪测定沙样粒度特征。[结果](1)4个样地沙尘水平通量皆遵循幂函数或指数函数分布,总输沙量呈现：Y₁>Y₂>B₁>B₂,各样地随着离地表高度的增加输沙量呈减少趋势。(2)背风面相较于迎风面输沙量降幅在35%～80%之间,说明塔里木河下游天然胡杨河岸林具有较显著的防风固沙效益。(3)各高度沙粒平均粒径为80～93μm,以极细沙为主,粒径频率曲线呈单峰分布,沙尘组成简单,以局地沙源为主。[结论]研究区天然胡杨河岸林背风面输沙量低于迎风面、平均粒径小于迎风面、分选性优...     

日光温室主动采光对不同种植密度番茄光合特性的影响

【目的】研究日光温室在主动采光与普通采光条件下,对其环境以及番茄叶片光合特性的影响。【方法】在主动采光与普通采光的2种日光温室内,设计4、6、8 株/m² 3种不同的番茄种植密度处理,连续3 d(晴天的条件)测得日光温室环境与番茄叶片光合作用的相关数据。【结果】主动采光日光温室环境温湿度、光照辐射方面优于非主动采光日光温室,主动采光日光温室的光照辐射均值较普通采光日光温室在3 d内分别高出了4.39%、5.85%、5.67%;两栋日光温室番茄的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈现随着密度的增加而减弱的现象,胞间CO₂浓度则相反;就不同采光日光温室而言,主动采光日光温室番茄的光合特性较普通采光日光温室高。【结论】日光温室主动采光在环境以及番茄光合特性方面均优越于普通采光日光温室。     

日光温室主动采光对盆栽番茄光合特性与农艺性状的影响

基于主动采光结构日光温室研究了其采光性能及其对不同种植密度、不同保留果穗处理番茄的光合特性与农艺性状的影响。试验在2种不同采光类型日光温室内设计了2种不同种植密度处理、2种不同栽培方式处理以及3种不同保留果穗处理，合计18个处理组合。在植株生长期间选3 d（晴天）测定番茄叶片光合指标，在植株生长后期测定株高、茎粗、单果品质及产量等农艺性状。主动采光日光温室在采光方面显著优于普通采光日光温室（P＜0.05），在测定番茄光合的3 d内主动采光日光温室的光照强度与普通采光日光温室相比分别高出7.90%、8.33%、8.51%；主动采光日光温室与普通采光日光温室相比，番茄净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度均表现为种植密度越小效果越好，番茄蒸腾速率则与之相反；农艺性状方面，主动采光日光温室番茄呈现高而细，普通采光日光温室番茄则呈现矮而粗的现象；两栋日光温室番茄果形指数均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；普通采光日光温室番茄的果实硬度较主动采光日光温室番茄果实硬；在产量方面，主动采光日光温室每一处理组合的番茄产量较普通采光日光温室相对应处理组合的要高，其中G2-D3-C3产量达到14 625.79 kg/667m²，并且主动采光日光温室番茄的成熟时期较普通采光日光温室提前7～10 d。日光温室主动采光对其光照强度以及在其内种植番茄产量的提高起到了理想的效果。     

基于表观反射率的植被指数遥感监测

[目的]随着遥感技术的迅速发展,遥感应用逐渐从定性走向定量.辐射定标是实现遥感信息定量化的基本前提,表观反射率是辐射定标的结果之一.[方法]对辐射定标过程参数的确定和表观反射率的计算等方面进行论述.[结果]以2008年的Landsat-5 TM的遥感数据为基础,计算表观反射率,从光谱响应曲线、归一化植被指数等方面,对原图像和表观反射率图像进行比较及其分析.[结论]由表观反射率图像计算出的NDVI值比原始图像NDVI大.     

新疆褐牛0～3月龄犊牛饲养管理技术探讨

新疆褐牛属于乳肉兼用品种,主要分布在新疆伊犁河谷,其具有适应性,抗病力强的特征,适宜农牧区养殖。本文通过从犊牛消化特点来探讨新疆褐牛0~3月龄的饲养管理的关键技术,并结合实际,提出新疆褐牛犊牛早期断奶技术中的注意事项和时间,旨在为广大农牧区新疆褐牛犊牛0~3月龄饲养管理方面提供理论技术指导。     

Modeling height–diameter relationship for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus euphratica</Emphasis> in the Tarim riparian forest ecosystem,Northwest China

Modeling height–diameter relationships is an important component in estimating and predicting forest development under different forest management scenarios. In this paper, ten widely used candidate height–diameter models were fitted to tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH)data for Populus euphratica Oliv. within a 100 ha permanent plots at Arghan Village in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Data from 4781 trees were used and split randomly into two sets:75 % of the data were used to estimate model parameters(model calibration), and the remaining data(25 %) were reserved for model validation. All model performances were evaluated and compared by means of multiple model performance criteria such as asymptotic t-statistics of model parameters, standardized residuals against predicted height,root mean square error(RMSE), Akaike’s informationcriterion(AIC), mean prediction error(ME) and mean absolute error(MAE). The estimated parameter a for model(6) was not statistically significant at a level of a = 0.05. RMSE and AIC test result for all models showed that exponential models(1),(2),(3) and(4) performed significantly better than others. All ten models had very small MEs and MAEs. Nearly all models underestimated tree heights except for model(6). Comparing the MEs and MAEs of models, model(1) produced smaller MEs(0.0059) and MAEs(1.3754) than other models. To assess the predictive performance of models, we also calculated MEs by dividing the model validation data set into 10-cm DBH classes. This suggested that all models were likely to create higher mean prediction errors for tree DBH classes[20 cm. However, no clear trend was found among models.Model(6) generated significantly smaller mean prediction errors across all tree DBH classes. Considering all the aforementioned criteria, model(1): TH ? 1:3 t a= e1 t b?eàc?DBHT and model(6): TH ? 1:3 t DBH2= ea t b?DBH t c ? DBH2T are recommended as suitable models for describing the height–diameter relationship of P. euphratica. The limitations of other models showing poor performance in predicting tree height are discussed. We provide explanations for these shortcomings.     

干旱区绿洲城市主要绿化树种最大滞尘量对比

【目的】绿化树种对一定范围内大气颗粒物有良好的净化作用,尤其在沙尘危害较严重的干旱区城市,滞尘能力强、适合当地自然条件的绿化树种可降低大气颗粒污染物浓度,改善城市生态环境。为此,选取我国西北干旱区典型绿洲城市———新疆阿克苏市为例,研究不同绿化树种叶片滞尘能力随时间及空间的变化规律,为干旱区城市绿化树种的选择提供理论依据。【方法】选取阿克苏市常见的绿化树种新疆杨、二球悬铃木、圆冠榆、小叶梣和垂柳为研究对象,叶片人工清洗后每隔4天对其进行采样,累计28天;在室内清洗、过滤后用万分之一天平称留尘质量,用激光叶面积仪测出叶片面积、计算出单位叶面积滞尘量,用多重比较法对比分析城市4个不同功能区、5种绿化树种单位叶面积滞尘量随时间和空间的变化,用经验公式法估算各树种单株滞尘量。【结果】同一个功能区5种园林树种单位叶面积最大滞尘量有显著差异(P ＜0.05),人工降尘1 h后二球悬铃木单位叶面积最大滞尘量[(13.5±0.90) g·m －2]＞新疆杨[(12.1±0.87) g·m －2]＞圆冠榆[(9.21±0.77) g·m －2]＞小叶梣[(7.11±0.43) g·m －2]＞ 垂柳[(6.96±0.24) g·m －2]。在不同功能区同一树种单位叶面积滞尘量排序为工业区( IA)＞交通枢纽区( TA)＞ 居民区( RA)＞ 清洁区( CA)。叶片在树冠中所处的位置也会影响其滞尘量,二球悬铃木3个高度处的叶片滞尘量顺序为1 m ＞2 m ＞4 m。从单株树种滞尘量对比得出,28天内二球悬铃木最高,为2.6 kg,垂柳最低,为0.2 kg。【结论】工业区、交通枢纽区树种单位叶面积滞尘量比居民区、清洁区高,其可能的原因是前两个区空气中的颗粒物浓度比后两区高,说明树种叶面滞尘量受当地空气质量的影响,同一树种在不同立地条件下滞尘量也相应的不同。在同一个功能区树种滞尘量差异由树高、冠幅和叶面特性(黏度、绒毛、粗糙度)等所引起,如树体大、冠幅宽、叶面粗糙并有绒毛的二球悬铃木叶片滞尘量要比树体小、叶面光滑并无毛的垂柳叶片滞尘量大。在树冠1m处的叶片同时受到自然降尘及地面扬尘的影响,因此比4m处叶片滞尘量高。二球悬铃木和新疆杨单位叶面积滞尘量与单株滞尘量都较高,起到明显的降尘作用,是沙尘频发的南疆地区城市绿化树种的优先之选。     

Stand structure and height-diameter relationship of a degraded Populus euphratica forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,Northwest China

Understanding stand structure and height-diameter relationship of trees provides very useful information to establish appropriate countermeasures for sustainable management of endangered forests. Populus euphratica, a dominant tree species along the Tarim River watershed, plays an irreplaceable role in the sustainable development of regional ecology, economy and society. However, as the result of climate changes and human activities, the natural riparian ecosystems within the whole river basin were degraded enormously, particularly in the lower reaches of the river where about 320 km of the riparian forests were either highly degraded or dead. In this study, we presented one of the main criteria for the assessment of vitality of P. euphratica forests by estimating the defoliation level, and analyzed forest structure and determined the height-diameter(height means the height of a tree and diameter means the diameter at breast height(DBH) of a tree) relationship of trees in different vitality classes(i.e. healthy, good, medium, senesced, dying, dead and fallen). Trees classified as healthy and good accounted for approximately 40% of all sample trees, while slightly and highly degraded trees took up nearly 60% of total sample trees. The values of TH(tree height) and DBH ranged from 0–19 m and 0–125 cm, respectively. Trees more than 15 m in TH and 60 cm in DBH appeared sporadically. Trees in different vitality classes had different distribution patterns. Healthy trees were mainly composed more of relatively younger trees than of degraded tress. The height-diameter relationships differed greatly among tress in different vitality classes, with the coefficients ranging from 0.1653 to 0.6942. Correlation coefficients of TH and DBH in healthy and good trees were higher than those in trees of other vitality classes. The correlation between TH and DBH decreased with the decline of tree vitality. Our results suggested that it might be able to differentiate degraded P. euphratica trees from healthy trees by determining the height-diameter correlation coefficient, and the coefficient would be a new parameter for detecting degradation and assessing sustainable management of floodplain forests in arid regions. In addition, tree vitality should be taken into account to make an accurate height-diameter model for tree height prediction.