掺杂LaNiO3型双功能氧电极的研究--溶胶-凝胶制备方法

为了得到高性能的双效氧电极，研究了钙钛矿型掺杂LaNiO3电催化剂的溶胶-凝胶制备方法，通过热重-差热分析、红外分析、XRD分析以及催化剂的粒径分布分析等手段，探讨了pH值、柠檬酸用量以及焙烧制度对催化剂制备的影响。结果表明，制备LaNiO3的溶胶-凝胶法的最佳工艺条件是：柠檬酸的用量为金属离子总物质的量的1．5倍；pH值调节为9；焙烧制度为在750℃下焙烧2h。     

Angular dependent NEXAFS study of the molecular orientation of PTCDA multilayers on Au （111） surface

The molecular orientation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) multilayers adsorbed on Au (111) surface has been investigated using angular dependent O K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The significant angular dependence of important resonant structures (π* and σ*) reveals that PTCDA molecules adopt an ordered geometry on the substrate surface. The average tilt angle of the PTCDA molecular planes is 27°±10° from the Au (111) surface.     

Design of an air-slot mode-gap nanocavity in a two dimensional photonic crystal slab

We present a novel and simple design of an air-slot mode-gap photonic crystal(PC) nanocavity by introducing a linear air slot to the center of a line-defect waveguide in a two dimensional triangular-lattice silicon PC slab.A high quality factor(Q factor) of 8.42*105 and an ultrasmall mode volume of 0.998 cubic wavelength are achieved in an optimized air-slot nanocavity which is a suitable choice for the strong matter-field interaction in free space.The high Q cavities with ultrasmall mode volume are important for applications such as quantum computation and nonlinear optics.     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

Concentration level and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and grass around Mt. Qomolangma, China

High mountains may serve as a condenser for persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, soil and grass samples from Mt. Qomolangma region, China were collected from 4600 to 5620 m a.s.I and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） to determine if they are concentrated at colder, more elevated sites and to evaluate their possible resources and fractionation. The total PAHs concentration in soil samples was 〈 600 ng g^-1, the critical value to differentiate PAHs levels in remote and urban regions. This implied the PAHs levels at Mt. Qomolangma are relatively low and what one might expect in such a remote region of the world. These low values may represent a soil background for mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere soils away from the direct influence of an anthropogenic source. As for the distribution pattern, the low molecular weight PAHs were prone to accumulate at higher altitude, while the high molecular weight PAHs inversely related or unrelated with elevation. Based on high concentration of phenanthrene at elevated sample site and the ratios of individual PAHs, we deduced that home-heating combustion and vehicle emission may result in the constitution trait of PAHs in this mountain region. Monsoon traveling over India, Pakistan and other countries with dense population may carry contaminant to Mt. Qomolangma region.     

Study on the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera collected from the surface and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area

In this work, the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera thalli collected from the surface and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area were studied with chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygraph technology. The samples with the highest photosynthetic activity among their kinds, the floating thalli from the sea surface of the south of the Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center and the sedimentary thalli from the mud surface of the bottom Tuandao bay, were chosen as representatives of surface thalli and bottom thalli, respectively. The results showed that the maximal PSII quantum yield of the floating thalli was significantly lower than the normal level although their photosynthetic activities were relatively high; the photosynthetic potential of the thalli form the mud surface was extremely low. Thus, it is indicated that the floating thalli are seriously stressed by their environment and the thalli from the mud surface are already dead or are dying. On the other hand, the results of the laboratory cultivation showed that the sedimentary thalli cannot regain normal photosynthetic activity even under normal illumination conditions. Thus, the thalli from the mud surface cannot become reproductive source of the alga even if they can reach sea surface again. Therefore, a preliminary conclusion can be reached that, up to mid-July 2008, the environmental conditions of the Qingdao sea area are not suitable for the growth of the alga E. prolifera and for this reason the biomass of E. prolifera, in the area, could be declining. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30830015), Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (Grant No. 2006BAD09A04) and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA10A402, 2007AA09Z406, 2006AA05Z112, 2006AA10A413)     

基于遥感信息和作物生长模型同化的水稻估产方法研究

本研究的目的是通过数据同化方法,将国产环境卫星HJ-1A/B数据提取的水稻叶面积指数LAI信息和作物生长模型相结合,以提高水稻估产的精度.具体方法为:首先通过分析水稻叶面积指数LAI和水稻归一化植被指数NDVI的时域变化关系建立模型反演水稻LAI,并应用研究区历史数据和作物生长模型WOFOST建立初始水稻生长模型估算水稻产量.在构建代价函数的基础上,采用SCE(shuffledcomplex evolution)数据同化方法对初始水稻生长模型参数进行优化,使水稻生长模型估算的水稻LAI和遥感数据反演的LAI差值最小.最后将采用同化方法的水稻生长模型估算的研究区水稻产量和不加同化方法的原始水稻生长模型估算的水稻产量进行比较,结果显示水稻估产精度有明显提高.研究结果表明采用遥感数据提取的农作物实时生长信息可以修正作物生长模型关键参数以提高区域范围的农作物估产精度,同时也显示国产环境卫星数据在农作物生长监测上具有广阔的应用潜力.     

Study on the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera collected from the surface and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area

In this work, the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera thalli collected from the sur- face and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area were studied with chlorophyll fluorescence and oxy- graph technology. The samples with the highest photosynthetic activity among their kinds, the floating thalli from the sea surface of the south of the Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center and the sedimentary thalli from the mud surface of the bottom Tuandao bay, were chosen as representatives of surface thalli and ...     

南极-艾肯盆地Th异常的富集特征和机理

遥感探测表明月表Th元素分布存在全球不均衡性,形成分别以雨海-风暴洋和南极-艾肯（SPA）盆地为中心的Th异常区.研究认为雨海-风暴洋的Th主要来源于对其下覆KREEP物质的开掘,但对SPA盆地的Th来源有各种不同的认识.本文通过对SPA盆地的地形、盆地构造、撞击坑分布、火山作用和地球化学特征的分析,以及对Th富集机理的探讨,认为SPA盆地内Th更可能来源于撞击作用对富Th下月壳物质的开掘;Th的弧形富集特征与盆地构造有很大相关性,并可能受到Apollo盆地形成的影响.     

SiH3+O2(3∑g)反应路径的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP／6—311G^＊＊和高级电子相关耦合簇CCSD（T）／6-311G^＊＊。方法计算并研究了SiH3与O2（^3∑g）反应的机理，全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型，并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标（IRC）进行了计算，对过渡态进行了验证．结果表明：SiH3＋O2（^3∑g）反应可经多条路径和多个步骤，经缔合、氢转移和离解得到SiH3O2，SiH2O2＋H，SiH2O＋OH，SiH3O＋O，SiHO2＋H2等产物．