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1.
2.
Do T. Hue Rebel Skirving Tong Chen John L. Williams Cynthia D.K. Bottema Kiro Petrovski 《Journal of dairy science》2021,104(7):8164-8176
Colostrum is essential for good neonate health; however, it is not known whether different calves absorb the nutrients from colostrum equally well. In this study, the absorption of protein, IgG, and γ-glutamyl transferase was compared in newborn dairy bull calves for 1 wk after feeding colostrum from different sources. Thirty-five Holstein-Friesian bull calves were randomly allocated into 3 groups and fed colostrum within 4 h after birth. Group A calves (n = 12) were bottle fed colostrum from their own dam for 3 d. Colostrum from these group A cows was also used as foster cow colostrum for the group B calves (n = 12), such that each group A and B calf pair received identical colostrum from each milking of the respective group A dam (10% of birth weight per day). The group C calves (n = 11) were fed 1 bottle (2 L) of pooled colostrum and transition milk (referred to as pooled colostrum), as was the standard practice on the dairy farm. The pooled colostrum was collected from the other dairy cows on the farm 0 to 4 d postpartum and stored at 4°C for less than 12 h. Blood was sampled from calves before the first feeding and at 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after birth. Levels of total solids, total protein, and IgG were higher in the dam colostrum than in the pooled colostrum. At birth, there were no differences between the calf groups for any measurements, and all calves had very low IgG levels. After receiving colostrum, the glucose, plasma γ-glutamyl transferase, serum total protein, and IgG concentrations increased significantly in all calves. There were no differences in any blood measurements at any time point between the pairs of group A and group B calves that received colostrum from the same cow except for the IgG concentration 2 d after birth. However, the group A calves had a higher total serum protein level and IgG concentration than the group C calves for all the time points after the first feeding. The group B calves had a higher IgG concentration than the group C calves on d 1, 2, and 7 after birth. Compared with groups A and B, there was no difference in the proportion of calves in group C that failed to have passive immunity transferred adequately based on the IgG threshold (<10 g/L). Thus, the calves receiving identical colostrum from the same cow had the same levels of IgG, and even the pooled colostrum provided sufficient transfer of IgG as the calves were fed within 4 h after birth. 相似文献
3.
Sophia X. Sui Lana J. Williams Kara L. Holloway-Kew Natalie K. Hyde Julie A. Pasco 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation. 相似文献
4.
Harrison D. Root Gregory Thiabaud Jonathan L. Sessler 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2020,14(1):19
We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin, texaphyrin. Upon metal complexation, a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to green. Although long employed for synthesis in organic media, we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous media. Exposure to In(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Bi(III), Co(II), and Pb(II) cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 min. This process is selective for Hg(II) under conditions of competitive analysis. Furthermore, among the subset of response-producing cations, In(III) proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features, including an overall increase in intensity. The cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents, where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be prepared. The formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. 相似文献
5.
6.
Juana Maria de Lourdes Medina-Contreras Patrick Mailloux-Salinas Juventino III Colado-Velazquez Norma Leticia Gomez Viquez Gómez-Viquez Rodrigo Velázquez-Espejel Ana del Carmen Susunaga-Notario David Julian Arias-Chávez Guadalupe Bravo 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2020,100(7):3212-3219
7.
Inam Ridha Ali Basiri Sudhakar Godeshala Md Zubair Ebne Rafique Deepanjan Ghosh Jason Williams Nikhilesh Chawla Jung Keun Lee Jacquelyn Kilbourne Yu Yao Kaushal Rege 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(6):2007811
Poor strength, infection, leakage, long procedure times, and inflammation limit the efficacy of common tissue sealing devices in surgeries and trauma. Light-activated sealing is attractive for tissue sealing and repair, and can be facilitated by the generation of local heat following absorption of nonionizing laser energy by chromophores. Here, the inherent ability of biomaterials is exploited to absorb nonionizing, mid-infrared (midIR) light in order to engender rapid photothermal sealing and repair of soft tissue wounds. In this approach, the biomaterial simultaneously acts as a photothermal convertor as well as a biosealant, which dispenses the need for exogeneous light-absorbing nanoparticles or dyes. Biomechanical recovery, mathematical modeling, histopathology analyses, tissue strain mapping using digital imaging correlation, and visualization of the biosealant-tissue interface using hyperspectral imaging indicate superior performance of midIR sealing in live mice compared to conventional sutures and glue. The midIR-biosealant approach demonstrates rapid sealing of soft tissues, improves cosmesis, lowers potential for scarring, obviates safety concerns because of the nonionizing light used, and allows adoption of a wide diversity of biomaterials. Taken together, the studies demonstrate a novel advance both in biomaterials for surgical sealing along with the use of nonionizing midIR light, with high potential for clinical translation. 相似文献
8.
V. Sinha M. J. Mills J. C. Williams 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(6):2015-2026
A faceted initiation site is observed in Ti-6242 alloy for both the cyclic and static-loading test conditions. In this experimental
study, the crystallographic orientation of the facets has been determined using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)
technique in conjunction with the quantitative tilt fractography in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative tilt
fractography analysis has been used to determine the spatial orientation of fracture facets. The results indicate that the
normal-fatigue (no-dwell) fracture facets are oriented at ∼5 deg with respect to the basal plane; the dwell-fatigue fracture
facets are oriented at ∼10 to 15 deg with respect to the basal plane and the static-loading fracture facets are oriented at
∼20 deg with respect to the basal plane. These crystallographic orientation determinations of the fracture facets at the crack-initiation
site can be used to obtain an idea about the type of loading that produced them. 相似文献
9.
P. L. Sun E. K. Cerreta G. T. Gray III J. F. Bingert 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(10):2983-2994
Commercial purity aluminum AA1050 was subjected to equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) that resulted in an ultrafine-grained
(UFG) microstructure with an as-received grain size of 0.35 μm. This UFG material was then annealed to obtain microstructures
with grain sizes ranging from 0.47 to 20 μm. Specimens were compressed at quasi-static, intermediate, and dynamic strain rates
at temperatures of 77 and 298 K. The mechanical properties were found to vary significantly with grain size, strain rate,
and temperature. Yield stress was found to increase with decreasing grain size, decreasing temperature, and increasing strain
rate. The work hardening rate was seen to increase with increasing grain size, decreasing temperature, and increasing strain
rate. The influence of strain rate and temperature is most significant in the smallest grain size specimens. The rate of work
hardening is also influenced by strain rate, temperature, and grain size with negative rates of work hardening observed at
298 K and quasi-static strain rates in the smallest grain sizes and increasing rates of work hardening with increasing loading
rate and grain size. Work hardening behavior is correlated with the substructural evolution of these specimens. 相似文献
10.
Jim Harrison 《今日电子》2006,(3):33-33
P.A.Semi(Santa Clara,美国加州)公司准备发布一款高性能的64位处理器,据称可以在同样性能的水平下,将功耗降低到目前产品的1/10。PA6T-1682M通过采用新的架构设计、工艺的改进和先进的时钟管理技术来实现低功耗,芯片上的门控时钟多达15000个。 相似文献