异丙酚复合麻醉下髋关节置换术患者瑞芬太尼控制性降压的效果

目的探讨异丙酚复合麻醉下髋关节置换术患者瑞芬太尼控制性降压的效果。方法择期行髋关节置换术患者30例,ASA分级Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=15):瑞芬太尼组(R组)和硝普钠组(N组)。2组麻醉诱导气管插管后在30min内静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5 15ml/kg行急性高容量血液稀释,桡动脉穿刺置管监测平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),颈内静脉穿刺置管监测中心静脉压,术中维持脑电双频谱指数45～55。2组于切皮前开始降压,R组和N组分别持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.3～0.7μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)、硝普钠0.5～6.0μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),使MAP降低到术前基础值的70%左右(60～70mm Hg)并维持至术毕。分别于急性高容量血液稀释后控制性降压前即刻(T_0)、控制性降压20min(T_1)、40min(T_2)、术毕(T_3)时抽取静脉血,测定血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、乳酸(Lac)浓度,同时抽取动脉血,行动脉血气分析,记录开始降压至目标血压所需的时间(降压诱导时间)、停降压药后MAP恢复至基础值的时间(MAP恢复时间)及术中出血量、输血量。结果与N组比较,R组降压诱导时间、MAP恢复时间、血气分析指标及Lae水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T_(1,2)时HR降低,出血量减少(P<0.05或0.01);N组有5例患者发生反射性心动过速,需使用艾司洛尔,T_3时有2例患者发生反跳性高血压,2组术后均未见并发症。结论异丙酚复合麻醉下髋关节置换术患者持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.3～0.7μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)控制性降压可控性好,降压及恢复平稳,且血液保护作用优于硝普钠。     

雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注对肺叶切除患者术中血流动力学的影响

目的观察复合丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)时雷米芬太尼对肺叶切除术中患者血流动力学的影响,探讨雷米芬太尼用于开胸手术中安全、有效的血浆靶浓度。方法肺叶切除术患者40例,ASAⅡ级,年龄40~60岁,体重52~74kg。随机均分为R6组和R8组。麻醉诱导雷米芬太尼血浆靶浓度分别为6、8ng/ml,丙泊酚血浆靶浓度设定为3μg/ml,术中两组雷米芬太尼血浆靶浓度不变。HemosonicTM100监测各项血流动力学指标,记录患者基础值(T0)、切皮即刻(T1)、断肋即刻(T2)、开胸探查即刻(T3)、关胸即刻(T4)、缝皮完毕即刻(T5)时MAP、HR、心输出量(CO)、每搏量(SV)、血流峰速度(PV)、血流加速度(ACC)、左室射血时间(LVET)、体循环血管阻力(TSVR)及脑电双频指数(BIS)。结果与T0比较,R6组在T1、T2、T4、T5各时点血流动力学指标波动较小;组间比较,R6组T3时MAP、HR、TSVR高于R8组(P<0.05);两组T1~T5时BIS均低于T0时(P<0.01),T2、T3时R8组BIS低于R6组(P<0.05)。结论在胸科手术中复合丙泊酚3μg/ml靶控输注,雷米芬太尼血浆靶浓度可采用初始6ng/ml,在较强手术刺激时调至8ng/ml,以确保血流动力学稳定,从而获得较为满意的麻醉效果。     

不同剂量6%HES 130/0.4容量治疗对失血性休克大鼠肺损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of volume therapy with different doses of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6% HES 130/0.4) on lung injury in a rat model of hemonhagic shock.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 220-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each) : group I sham operation (group S); group II Ringer's solution (group RS); group HI and IV 2 HES groups (group H1, H2 ). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% sodium pentobarbital 45 ing/kg. Right common carotid artery (CCA) and left femoral vein were cannulated for blood letting, MAP monitoring, fluid administration and blood sampling. Hemonhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from right CCA in group II , III and IV . MAP was reduced to 35-45 mmHg which was maintained for 90 min. In group RS, hemorrhagic shock was resuscitated with Ringer's solution 3 times of the volume of blood withdrawn, while group H1 and H2 received HES 33 and 50 ml/kg respectively and Ringer' s solution (the total volume was equal to 3 times of the volume of blood removed) . Arterial blood samples were taken before blood letting (T0 , baseline), and at 2, 3 h after volume therapy (T1,2) for blood gas analysis and PaO2/FiO2 was calculated. The animals were then sacrificed by exsanguination and the lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of protein concentration in broncho-alveolar lavage fuid (BALF), W/D lung weight ratio and TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-10 contents in the lung.Results TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 content in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly higher in group RS, H1 and H2, while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly lower at T,2 in group RS and at T2 in group H2 than in group S (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β contents in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly lower in group H1 and H2 , while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher at T,i2 in group H1 and at T1 in group H2 than in group RS (P <0.05) . PaO2/FiO2 at T2 and IL-10 content in the lung were significantly lower in group H2 than in group H, ( P < 0.05) . The lung damage was significantly ameliorated in group H1 and H2 especially in group H, as compared with group RS. Conclusion Volume therapy with 6% HES 130/0.4 33 or 50 ml/kg can attenuate lung injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and the efficacy of 33 ml/kg is better.     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合吸入异氟醚控制性降压对开颅手术患者血液动力学的影响

目的探讨靶控输注（target continue infusion,TCI）瑞芬太尼复合吸入异氟醚控制性降压对开颅手术患者血液动力学的影响。方法择期开颅手术患者30例,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,随机分为2组：异氟醚控制性降压组（ISO组）和瑞芬太尼复合异氟醚控制性降压组（RF组）,每组15例。2组麻醉诱导后至打开硬脑膜前均吸入1％异氟醚维持麻醉,打开硬脑膜后ISO组逐渐增加异氟醚吸入浓度,RF组开始TCI瑞芬太尼行控制性降压,使平均动脉压（mean arteriah pressure,MAP）降至术前的70％,维持30min后,IS0组降低异氟醚吸入浓度,RF组停止TCI瑞芬太尼,终止降压。采用CO2复吸入法无创心肺功能监护系统（NICO2^TM）连续监测心率（heartrate,HR）、心排血量（cardiac output,CO）、心指数（cardiac index,CI）、每搏输出量（stroke volume,SV）,分别于手术前（T0）、降压前（T1）、达到目标血压即刻（T2）、5min（T3）、10min（T4）、20min（T5）、30min（T6）及停止降压5min（T7）、10min（T8）、30min（T9）时记录MAP、HR、C0、CI、SV并计算外周血管阻力（systemic vascular resistance,SVR）。结果与降压前比较;ISO组T2～5时SVR降低,T6,7时SV降低（P〈0．05）,RF组T2-8时HR减慢、CO、CI、SVR降低（P〈0．05）,SV各时点差异无统计学意义;与ISO组比较,RF组T2～8时HR减慢、CO、CI降低（P〈0．05）,降压达到目标血压及血压恢复时间短（P〈0．05）。结论开颅手术TCI瑞芬太尼复合吸入异氟醚控制性降压,达到目标血压时间短,效果确切,可控性好,并且降压期间不增快心率,不抑制心肌收缩力。     

200例乳腺癌患者的情感障碍及疏导

目的对乳腺癌患者进行情感障碍的疏导,从而提高乳腺癌患者的生活质量。方法随机抽取200例乳腺癌患者,通过问卷调查其情感障碍的情况,给予心理干预和疏导,并列表观察疏导后的效果。结果通过情感疏导,200例患者情感障碍均得以缓解获得良好疏导效果。结论每一次与患者的交流,患者都会感受到你细心的呵护。     

氟比洛芬酯注射液消除瑞芬太尼全身麻醉患者术后苏醒期躁动的临床观察

疼痛是全麻患者术后躁动的主要原因。瑞芬太尼是一种短效阿片类药物,半衰期短,术后苏醒迅速。瑞芬太尼的超短效作用使患者术后急需镇痛药物。氟比洛芬酯注射液（凯芬）是非甾体类静脉注射靶向镇痛药物,具有作用持久,疗效确切的优点。本研究旨在观察氟比洛芬酯注射液消除瑞芬太尼全麻患者术后苏醒期躁动的效果。     

人工流产术患者不同剂量氯胺酮复合异丙酚麻醉的效果

目的:评价人工流产术患者不同剂量氯胺酮复合异丙酚麻醉的效应。方法:择期行人工流产术患者160例,分为对照组(C组)(诱导时静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg);Ⅰ组(诱导时静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg及氯胺酮0.1 mg/kg);Ⅱ组(诱导时静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg及氯胺酮0.2 mg/kg);Ⅲ组(诱导时静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg及氯胺酮0.3 mg/kg),每组40例。患者意识消失后开始手术,出现体动反应追加异丙酚30~50 mg,分别记录诱导前(患者入室稳定3m in后)、扩宫口、宫腔负压吸引时及术毕时平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)及手术时间、意识消失时间(从开始注药至意识消失时间)、意识恢复时间(停止注药至呼之睁眼时间)、异丙酚用量及注射时疼痛情况并评价麻醉满意度。结果:各组患者年龄、体重、手术时间差异无统计学意义。与C组相比,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组注药时疼痛例数减少,异丙酚用量降低,麻醉满意率提高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但Ⅲ组苏醒时间明显延长(P<0.05)。与诱导前相比,扩宫口、宫腔负压吸引时各组平均动脉压(MAP)均降低;但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组明显高于C组(P<0.05)。结论:异丙酚2 mg/kg复合氯胺酮0.2 mg/kg可显著提高人工流产术患者麻醉满意率且无不良反应发生。     

罗哌卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术病人血液动力学的影响

罗哌卡因心血管系统毒性发生率低,且有运动和感觉神经分离阻滞的特点。本研究拟通过比较低浓度罗哌卡因和低浓度布比卡因、利多卡因用于胸段硬膜外阻滞对血液动力学的影响,评价罗哌卡因的安全性。     

异丙酚对不同年龄女性患者抑制呼吸半数有效血浆靶浓度的影响

异丙酚为新型静脉麻醉药,由于其苏醒迅速而完全,持续输注无蓄积,且不影响气道黏液纤毛的运输功能[1],普遍用于门诊无痛人流、无痛胃镜等诊疗过程.