血液净化成功抢救拉莫三嗪和氯硝西泮中毒一例

患者,非洲裔美国人,男性,33岁,有抑郁症史,服用拉莫三嗪、碳酸锂和氯硝西泮3年.2009年11月16日被发现在家中意识不清,呼吸困难,全身颤抖,由救护车送至我院急诊.查体:BP 88/68 mm Hg,呼吸R 26次/min,意识不清,双瞳孔直径3 mm,对光反射迟钝,压眶反射消失,双肺少许湿啰音.     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗血液透析伴发顽固性高血压患者的临床研究

目的 探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗血液透析患者伴发顽固性高血压的短期临床疗效及其可能的机制.方法 选择2005年以来在我院进行血液透析伴发顽固性高血压患者34例作为治疗组,经过2～3次、每次8～10 h的CVVH治疗,观察其降压效果和治疗前后干体重、血浆甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、肾素(RA)及血管紧张素Ⅰ、Ⅱ(AT Ⅰ、ATⅡ)和醛固酮(Ald)水平的变化.另外选择同期血压控制良好的血液透析患者30例作为对照组.结果 (1)治疗组所有患者经过2～3次的CVVH治疗,血压均较治疗前有明显下降,显效率64.7%,有效率100.0%;(2)治疗组治疗前与对照组比较,血浆RA[分别为(1.10±0.25)、(0.78±0.26)μg(L·h)]、AT Ⅰ[分别为(0.89±0.21)、(0.52±0.14)μg/L]、ATⅡ[分别为(177.68±89.46)、(89.25±12.84)]ng/L、Ald[分别为(72.06±11.47)、(48.92±8.65)ng/L]和PTH[(306.81±69.37)、(248.76±134.62)ng/L]水平均明显升高(P均＜0.01);(3)治疗组CVVH治疗后与治疗前比较,血浆RA[分别为(0.76±0.17)、(1.10±0.25)μg/(L·h)]、AT Ⅰ[分别为(0.50±0.12)、(0.89±0.21)μg/L]、ATⅡ[分别为(87.13±14.22)、(177.68±89.46)ng/L]、Ald[分别为(46.01±9.86)、(72.06±11.47)ng/L]和PTH(186.53±32.93)、(306.81±69.37)ng/L]水平均明显下降(P均＜0.01);而对照组常规血液透析治疗前后上述指标无明显变化(P均＞0.05).结论 CVVH不失为治疗血液透析伴发顽固性高血压的一种有效方法,其降压效果可能与CVVH能有效清除患者体内多余水分以及降低血浆RA、AT Ⅰ、ATⅡ、Ald、PTH水平有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the short-term clinical efficacy and its possible mechanism of refractory hypertension(RH) treated by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Thirty-four MHD patients with RH treated with CVVH enrolled in the treatment group,all these patients were treatment of 2 -3 times,each time 8 - 10 hours. Thirty MHD patients with wellcontroled blood pressure were recruited as control. Changes of blood pressure, dry weight, plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), renin ( RA), angiotensin Ⅰ , Ⅱ ( AT Ⅰ , AT Ⅱ ), aldosterone ( Ald ) were observed before and after hemodialysis. Results In the treatment group,compared with pre-treatment, the blood pressure decreased significantly with an effective rate of 64.7% and efficient rate of 100. 0%. Before treatment, plasma RA was ([1.10 ±0.25] μg/(L · h)and [0:78 ±0.26] μg/(L · h),AT Ⅰ was [0.89 ±0.21] μg/L and [ 0. 52 ± 0. 14 ] μg/L, AT Ⅱ was [ 177.68 ± 89.46 ] ng/L and [ 89. 25 ± 12. 84 ] ng/L, Ald was [72. 06 ± 11.47 ]ng/L and [ 48.92 ± 8. 65 ] ng/L, PTH was [ 306. 81 ± 69. 37 ] ng/L and [ 248.76 ± 134. 62 ] ng/L in the treatment and control group respectively. All the measurements in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). In the treatment group, compared to pre-treatment, plasma RA significantly decreased ( [ 1.10 ± 0. 25 ]μg/ ( L · h) vs [ 0. 76 ± 0. 17 ] μg/( L · h ), as well as AT Ⅰ ( [ 0. 89 ±0.21]μg/L vs [0.50 ±0.12] μg/L),ATⅡ([177.68±89.46]ng/L vs [ 87.13±14.22] ng/L),Ald ([72.06±11.47]ng/Lvs [ 46. 01± 9. 86 ] ng/L ) and PTH ( [ 306. 81 ±69.37]ng/L vs [ 186.53 ±32.93 ] ng/L) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). However, there was no significant changes in the above mentioned measurements between before and after hemodialysis in the control group (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion CVVH may be an effective methods in the treatment of MHD patients with RH, and its antihypertensive mechanisms may be that CVVH can effectively remove the excess water in the body, and reduce plasma RA, AT Ⅰ , AT Ⅱ ,Ald and PTH levels.