直肠类癌的诊断与治疗

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of rectal carcinoids in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Related literatures were reviewed. Results Among the patients included, 11 cases(68.8%)suffered from hypogastralgia, 3 cases(18.8%)bloody stool, 3 cases(18.8%)defecation number increase. All the patients underwent enteroscopy. The average size in diameter of all the tumors was 8.8 mm. 81.3% of the tumors ≤10 mm in diameter. The average distance from tumor to anus was 6.8 cm and 87.5% of the tumors ≤8 cm in distance, Only 25% of all the cases were diagnosed preoperatively, most cases were diagnosed as other diseases and definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology. 14 cases underwent operation as radical resection of rectal carcinoma, and 2 cases endoscopic removal. There was no operative death and postoperative five-year survival rate is 69.2%. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis rectal carcinoid is difficult.Misdiagnosis rate is high. The key point of improving diagnosis of this disease is annal digital examination. Enteroscopy and pathology, operation is the first choice to treat rectal carcinoid.     

直肠类癌的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨直肠类癌的诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2009年12月收治直肠类癌16例临床资料,并复习近年有关文献.结果 下腹痛11例（68.8%）,大便带血和次数增多各3例（各占18.8%）,全部经肠镜检查发现肿块大小平均为8.8mm,其中≤10 mm占81.3%,距肛门平均6.8 cm,其中≤8cm占87.5%,术前诊断直肠类癌仅25%,多数诊断为其他病,术后病理检查诊断为直肠类癌,14例实施直肠癌根治术,2例用肠镜行局部摘除术,无手术死亡,术后5年生存率为69.2%.结论 直肠类癌术前诊断困难,误诊率高,常规行肛门指诊和肠镜加病理学检查是提高诊断率的关键,手术切除仍为直肠类癌的首选治疗.     

手术治疗高血压脑出血43例B超辅助与否对比分析

目的:探讨术中B超辅助治疗高血压性脑出血的方法与疗效。方法:将43例需开颅清除血肿的中、重度高血压脑基底节区出血患者随机分为两组,治疗组:22例,术中在B超辅助下清除血肿;对照组:21例,行常规开颅清除血肿,术中不使用B超。并分析、比较两组患者的血肿清除率和临床疗效。结果:术中B超辅助下清除血肿组临床疗效良好率、血肿清除率均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:术中B超辅助治疗高血压脑出血可显著提高血肿清除率及临床疗效。     

影响重症胰腺炎预后的危险因素

目的探讨重症胰腺炎并发症与预后的关系。方法回顾分析2002年1月～2008年10月海南省人民医院收治的重症胰腺炎患者41例。结果治愈4例,好转24例;死亡13例,死亡率31．7％。总并发症28例（68.3％）,并发症与预后的关系：多器官功能衰竭[MODS,b1=0．900,p=0．000],急性呼吸窘迫综合症[ARDS1b2=0．567,p=0．006],急性肾衰（ARF,b3=0．632,P=-0．004）。结论MODS,ARDS,ARF是重症胰腺炎预后的最危险因素。     

复杂颅眶贯通伤并木质异物滞留一例

1 临床资料 患者,男,38岁,3h前驾驶推土机时被迎面而来的树枝刺入左眼眶内侧壁,伤后即在当地医院给予简单包扎,后因出现呕吐、意识进行性加深,遂转入我院.入院查体：T：38.6℃,P：86次/min,R：21次/min,BP：150/90 mmHg.Glasgow评分为8分,意识朦胧状,左眼眶内侧壁刺入一直径约1 cm的树枝,残端外露长约3 cm,左眼球活动受限,双侧瞳孔不等大,左侧瞳孔直径约5 mm,光反应消失,右侧瞳孔直径约3 mm,光反应灵敏,四肢肌力Ⅴ级、肌张力正常,双侧巴氏征阴性.头颅CT检查见一长约10 cm直条状低密度影,伴颅内积气、左颞叶脑挫裂伤,左侧蝶骨、眶内侧壁、筛窦多发骨折.入院诊断：急性开放性颅脑损伤,左颅眶贯通伤、颅内积气、颅眶内异物、脑挫伤、左眼视神经损伤.     

颅内成血管细胞瘤术前栓塞术的有效性和安全性评价

目的评价颅内成血管细胞瘤栓塞剂术前栓塞术的有效性和安全性。方法选取2009年10月~2013年10月颅内成血管细胞瘤患者54例,行术前栓塞剂栓塞术治疗的患者24例作为观察组,另外30例采用传统手术进行治疗的患者作为对照组。结果观察组与对照组患者基本情况无统计学意义,具有可比性;观察组术中出血量为335±21 ml,对照组为540±32 ml,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0010.05);观察组手术时间为8.35h,对照组手术时间为11.2 h,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者23(95%)例为部分栓塞;观察组术后并发症脑梗塞、再出血、神经功能缺失各1例,发生率为12.5%,对照组术后并发症脑水肿、神经功能缺失各1例,发生率为6.7%,两组相比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.230.05)。结论使用术前栓塞术治疗颅内成血管细胞瘤的患者栓塞程度较高,手术中出血量显著减少;术后再出血、脑梗塞、神经功能缺失、脑水肿等并发症无显著性增加,具有较好的有效性和安全性,可能作为治疗成血管细胞瘤的一种方式。     

直肠类癌的诊断与治疗

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of rectal carcinoids in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Related literatures were reviewed. Results Among the patients included, 11 cases(68.8%)suffered from hypogastralgia, 3 cases(18.8%)bloody stool, 3 cases(18.8%)defecation number increase. All the patients underwent enteroscopy. The average size in diameter of all the tumors was 8.8 mm. 81.3% of the tumors ≤10 mm in diameter. The average distance from tumor to anus was 6.8 cm and 87.5% of the tumors ≤8 cm in distance, Only 25% of all the cases were diagnosed preoperatively, most cases were diagnosed as other diseases and definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology. 14 cases underwent operation as radical resection of rectal carcinoma, and 2 cases endoscopic removal. There was no operative death and postoperative five-year survival rate is 69.2%. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis rectal carcinoid is difficult.Misdiagnosis rate is high. The key point of improving diagnosis of this disease is annal digital examination. Enteroscopy and pathology, operation is the first choice to treat rectal carcinoid.     

神经内镜辅助经胼胝体-穹窿间入路治疗重症脑室出血铸型31例

目的:探讨神经内镜辅助经胼胝体-穹窿间入路治疗重症脑室出血铸型的方法与疗效。方法:神经内镜辅助下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路治疗重症脑室出血铸型31例,观察引流情况与预后。结果:死亡3例,植物生存1例,重残5例,中残14例,良好8例;引流时间最短3d,最长6d,平均4.5d。结论:神经内镜辅助经胼胝体-穹窿间入路清除积血快,减压彻底,并发症少,预后较好,为治疗重症脑室出血铸型可选择的有效方法之一。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症手术预后的危险因素

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症手术预后的危险因素.方法 对本院近10年收治的161例肝硬化门静脉高压症手术患者资料,按预先设计的表格对24项临床及实验室指标进行收集、登记和统计分析.每项指标又设2～3个不同的量化亚组进行比较.结果 筛选出7项指标与手术预后有明显关系:术后30 h内创面出血(B0.356,P=0.000),出血量＞2 L被评为3分;肝脏体积(B-0.160,P=0.000),重度肝萎缩(左肝前后径≤55 mm、右肝斜径≤110 mm)被评为3分;血液pH(B0.141,P=0.000),pH＜7.35被评为2分;剩余碱(BE)(B-0.123,P=0.000),＜-3 mmol/L被评为2分;血小板(PLT)减少(B0.065,P-0.015),＜3×109/L被评为2分;术中创面出血(B0.062,P=0.014),出血量＞2 L被评为2分;红细胞减少(B0.053,P=0.024),＜3 g/L被评为1分.治愈好转组147例,除1例总分为4分外,其余病例均≤3分;死亡组14例,除1例总分为4分外,其余病例均≥5分.结论 术后创面大出血、肝脏重度萎缩、血液pH值＜7.35,BE＜-3 mmol/L、PLT下降、术中创面大出血,红细胞减少是手术预后的危险因素.总分5～6分手术有死亡可能;总分≥8分应列为手术禁忌.要降低死亡率,术前应积极治疗,将总分控制在4分以内.