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1.
Dong-Soo Yoon Jae Sung Roh Sung-Man Lee Hong Koo Baik 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(8):890-898
The effect of a thin RuOx layer formed on the Ru/TiN/doped poly-Si/Si stack structure was compared with that on the RuOx/TiN/doped poly-Si/Si stack structure over the post-deposition annealing temperature ranges of 450–600°C. The Ru/TiN/poly-Si/Si
contact system exhibited linear behavior at forward bias with a small increase in the total resistance up to 600°C. The RuOx/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system exhibited nonlinear characteristics under forward bias at 450°C, which is attributed to no
formation of a thin RuOx layer at the RuOx surface and porous-amorphous microstructure. In the former case, the addition of oxygen at the surface layer of the Ru film
by pre-annealing leads to the formation of a thin RuOx layer and chemically strong Ru-O bonds. This results from the retardation of oxygen diffusion caused by the discontinuity
of diffusion paths. In particular, the RuOx layer in a nonstoichiometric state is changed to the RuO2-crystalline phase in a stoichiometric state after post-deposition annealing; this phase can act as an oxygen-capture layer.
Therefore, it appears that the electrical properties of the Ru/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system are better than those of the
RuOx/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system. 相似文献
2.
Boundary element analysis of thermal stress intensity factors for interface griffith and cusp cracks
Kang Yong Lee
Woon Cheon Baik
《Engineering Fracture Mechanics》1994,47(6):909-918The thermal stress intensity factors for interface cracks of Griffith and symmetric lip cusp types under vertical uniform heat flow in a finite body are calculated by the boundary element method. The boundary conditions on the crack surfaces are insulated or fixed to constant temperature. The relationship between the stress intensity factors and the displacements on the nodal point of a crack-tip element is derived. The numerical values of the thermal stress intensity factors for an interface Griffith crack in an infinite body are compared with the previous solutions. The thermal stress intensity factors for a symmetric lip cusp interface crack in a finite body are calculated with respect to various effective crack lengths, configuration parameters, material property ratios and the thermal boundary conditions on the crack surfaces. Under the same outer boundary conditions, there are no appreciable differences in the distribution of thermal stress intensity factors with respect to each material property. However, the effect of crack surface thermal boundary conditions on the thermal stress intensity factors is considerable. 相似文献
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6.
Sil-Gu Mun Jung-Hyung Moon Ki-Man Choi Jin-Serk Baik Chang-Hee Lee 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2007,19(21):1729-1731
We propose and demonstrate a wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network by employing double-contact Fabry-Perot laser diodes (F-P LDs) without a seed light injection. To avoid the high mode partition noise at low frequency, we use a binary phase-shift keying as a modulation format at a low relative intensity noise window. An error-free transmission is achieved by compensating a lasing envelope shift due to temperature variation with the double-contact F-P LD. 相似文献
7.
In a complex social, political, economic, technological, and/or environmental context, corporate, military, government, and other organizations are often faced with collective decision-making situations. The rationale for group decision exercises is that the judgment of many will usually prove superior to the judgment of one. However, it has been shown that collective decision exercises are often highly dependent on matters of perspective, values and opinion, all of which - being essentially subjective in nature - are beyond the reach of existing formal decision technology. Furthermore, it can be expected that many collective decision exercises - particularly those of strategic import - will not lend themselves to the quantitative analysis instruments that have long dominated the management and decision science repertoire. This does not, however, mean that they must remain entirely and forever outside the bounds of scientific rationality. The ordering protocols which are currently available do not have enough technical mechanics to be relied upon to bring us to any satisfying resolution of a priori disputation. Hence, we propose an a priori ordering reference model that might support consensus-building in a multiple stakeholders context. In order to detect whether the subjective arguments are products of proper reasons or merely instances of raw rhetoric and to suggest how any logical or syntactical flaws might best be repaired, we propose logical ordering facilities and protocols for integrating procedural and instrumental provisions for a group-decision process with two lines of technical innovation: the superimpositional ordering function and the logical ordering support facilities. 相似文献
8.
JK Kang SW Lee MW Baik BC Son YK Hong CK Jung KH Ryu 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,14(7):297-301
Accurate assessment and replacement of blood loss and fluid-electrolyte deficit during craniosynostosis repair is difficult owing to patient size and the diversity of surgical technique. Forty-three patients undergoing primary craniosynostosis repair over a 10-year period were studied retrospectively to determine blood loss and fluid deficit and to assess blood transfusion practices during both intraoperative and postoperative periods. Blood loss was calculated on the basis of estimated red cell mass (ERCM) and fluid-electrolyte imbalance was investigated with blood samplings. Blood transfusion was considered appropriate if the postoperative or posttransfusion ERCM was within 12% of the preoperative value. Estimated fluid requirement (EFR) was used in 4 ml kg(-1) h(-1) except for neonates. Intraoperatively, 80% of all patients were appropriately managed with respect to blood transfusion and EFR. Postoperatively only 20% of the patients receiving transfusions were transfused appropriately. In 23.3% of these patients (10/43) unexpected respiratory distress developed immediately after their recovery from the anesthesia. With the measurement of estimated blood volume and allowable blood loss, appropriate transfusion could be achieved for the successful treatment of the primary craniosynostosis. 相似文献
9.
Baik Joon Hyun Yim Sung Dae Nam In-Sik Mok Young Sun Lee Jong-Hwan Cho Byong K. Oh Se H. 《Topics in Catalysis》2004,30(1-4):37-41
Topics in Catalysis - Among the catalysts screened, Cu-ion exchanged ZSM5 zeolite exhibited the highest NO removal activity, particularly at low reaction temperatures below 200 °C,... 相似文献
10.
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and aluminum oxinitride (AlON) composites were synthesized by combustion reaction of powder mixtures of Al–B2 O3 –AlN systems under a low pressure of nitrogen gas (0.5 MPa). Explosive combustion reaction of Al–B2 O3 systems under the same nitrogen pressure produced alumina, aluminum borate, AlN, and AlON depending on the binary mixing ratio, but no trace of BN phases could be identified. Most of the elemental boron product remained unreacted and amorphous. On the other hand, AlN addition as a diluent in the range of 15–30 wt% was effective in producing hBN phase and forming AlON–BN composites. In the composition range of the ternary mixture of Al, B2 O3 , and AlN, where significant BN formation was identified, the primary role of AlN was to react with B2 O3 to produce BN and α-Al2 O3 . The temperature profile obtained during the combustion reaction by a thermocouple imbedded in the middle of the powder bed revealed that the initial nitridation reaction of aluminum metal provides the heat required for the combustion reaction, creating a state of a "chemical oven." The reaction product, α-Al2 O3 , reacted subsequently with AlN to produce AlON phases to give final AlON–BN composites. The combustion reaction was highly unstable and followed a mixed mode with a regularly reversing spinning mode for aluminum nitridation reaction in the surface region and an oscillatory mode for the BN formation reaction in the subsurface region. 相似文献