Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

二尖瓣外科换瓣术后生物瓣再狭窄行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术成功1例

正1临床资料患者女,34岁。因"活动后气促3个月"来阜外医院就诊。既往病史:患者1年前在外院因"二尖瓣重度狭窄"行二尖瓣生物瓣置换术(术中置入圣犹达27号三叶生物瓣膜),术后6个月发生一次严重上呼吸道感染,治疗1个月后好转,且于术后6个月停用华法林。入院查体:脉搏65次/min,血压105/63 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),     

改良切口经胸微创封堵术治疗膜周室间隔缺损

目的 探讨改良切口经胸微创室间隔缺损封堵术的可行性和安全性.方法 2011年5月至2015年5月,289例单纯膜周室间隔缺损患儿在我中心接受改良切口经胸室间隔缺损封堵术.该操作采用长约1～2 cm的微创切口,无需损伤胸骨,完全食道超声引导下完成室间隔缺损封堵.术后1、3、6个月定期随访.结果 289例患儿中,277例(95.8％)成功完成微创封堵;12例封堵失败,改行常规外科修补术.277例患儿均经改良微创切口入路,切口长度1～2cm,平均(1.53±0.46)cm.均未损伤胸骨,亦未放置引流管.术后早期均未出现心包积液.膜周室缺直径平均(5.30±2.88)mm.封堵器大小4～12mm,平均(6.70±3.10)mm,包括对称封堵器191例,偏心封堵器86例.12例(4.3％)患儿术中存在少量残余分流.9例(3.2％)术后发生不完全性右束支传导阻滞;1例患儿于术后4d出现完全性房室传导阻滞,经激素治疗5d后好转.所有患儿平均住院时间(3.2±0.8)d,随访期间,没有主动脉瓣反流、恶性心律失常、封堵器脱落等严重并发症发生.至随访结束仍有4例(1.4％)存在少量残余分流.结论 改良切口经胸壁微创封堵术,不损伤胸骨,可以有效治疗膜周室间隔缺损.但其长期疗效尚需进一步随访研究.     

影像学诊断先天性左冠状动脉主干闭锁

目的探讨影像学诊断先天性左冠状动脉主干闭锁(LMCAA)的可行性。方法回顾性分析6例LMCAA患者,男3例、女3例,1例成人、5例婴幼儿。6例均接受超声心动图、多排螺旋CT(MDCT)及心血管造影检查。结果 1例超声提示左冠状动脉内径偏细,起源显示欠清晰,不除外左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉;1例超声提示左冠状动脉近段发育细,似壁内走行、开口狭窄;另4例超声仅提示二尖瓣脱垂并大量反流,冠状动脉未探及异常。5例经MDCT明确诊断为左冠状动脉主干闭锁,1例不除外左冠状动脉主干开口重度狭窄或闭锁。6例经心血管造影检查均明确诊断为LMCAA。结论 LMCAA属罕见先天性心脏病,超声可提示该病;CT对多数患者可明确诊断;心血管造影检查是诊断LMCAA的金标准。     

经食管超声心动图引导经心尖修复重度二尖瓣关闭不全一例

正临床资料患者,男,68岁,因"活动后胸闷、气促3年,加重4月"入院。体格检查提示:心尖区Ⅲ/Ⅵ收缩期粗糙样杂音,心律绝对不齐,心功能(NYHA)分级Ⅲ级。心电图提示心房纤颤。经胸超声心动图显示(图1):二尖瓣重度关闭不全,二尖瓣后叶脱垂,三尖瓣轻中度关闭不全,主动脉瓣轻度关闭不全,双房扩大,左心室射血分数40%。胸部X线片显示左心大,心胸比率0.61。另外,该患者同时患     

完全可降解封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损两例

正临床资料患者1,女,6岁,因"反复呼吸道感染"入院,无活动后气促、乏力,生长发育及活动量较正常同龄人无明显差异。听诊胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及Ⅳ级全收缩期杂音。胸部X线片示:肺血增多;心电图示:窦性心律,左室肥大;超声心动图示:先天性心脏病,室间隔缺损,膜周部6 mm,室水平左向右分流。患者2,男,10岁,因"发现心脏杂音1月"入院,患者易患感冒,无活动后气促、乏力,生长发育及活动量较正     

经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复术的发展历史、应用现状和未来展望

二尖瓣反流(MR)是最常见的心脏瓣膜病变。目前, 经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复术(TEER)已成为MR经导管治疗的重要方案, 为广大无法接受外科手术或外科手术风险高的MR患者提供了微创治疗方式。TEER的适应证已逐渐从退行性MR拓展到功能性MR, TEER相关器械也取得了长足的进步, 其代表产品MitraClip已经演变至第4代;在亚洲地区TEER器械的研发也在如火如荼地开展, 我国就有数十款TEER器械正在进行临床试验。TEER快速发展的同时也带来了相应的挑战, 如适应证的选择以及术者的培训等。该文对TEER的发展历史、应用现状和未来前景作一综述。     

经胸主动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗猪主动脉瓣狭窄安全性研究

目的与经皮主动脉瓣球囊成形术进行比较,评价经胸主动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗主动脉瓣狭窄的优势和缺点。方法建立3个月龄小猪主动脉瓣狭窄模型,其主动脉瓣压差均〉30mm Hg;20头模型猪随机分为经胸组与经皮组各10头,分别行经胸及经皮主动脉瓣球囊成形术,比较2组主动脉瓣压差下降值、放射线暴露时间、病死率、外周血管损伤发生率、起搏器使用率及主动脉后壁损伤率。结果经胸组术前、术后主动脉瓣压差（（42.6±2.9）、（14.4±2.6）mm Hg）与经皮组（（43.9±3.6）、（15.7±3.1）mm Hg）比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,2组术后主动脉瓣压差均较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;经胸组放射线暴露时间、病死率、外周血管损伤发生率、起搏器使用率（（6.8±2.5）min、0、0、0）低于经皮组（（11.9±4.2）min、40%、40%、100%）（P〈0.05）,经升主动脉置入传统动脉鞘管后主动脉后壁损伤率（80%）明显高于经皮组（0）（P〈0.01）。结论经胸主动脉瓣球囊成形术在放射线暴露时间、病死率、外周血管损伤发生率、起搏器使用率等方面具有优势,但主动脉后壁损伤发生率高。     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

单纯经食管超声心动图引导经导管缘对缘修复治疗三尖瓣关闭不全的初步经验

目的评估单纯经食管超声心动图引导经导管三尖瓣缘对缘修复手术的可行性和安全性。方法前瞻性研究。2022年1月至2023年5月, 在云南省阜外心血管病医院就诊的重度三尖瓣关闭不全患者, 经临床评估和超声心动图评估符合纳入标准, 行经导管三尖瓣缘对缘修复手术。手术在全身麻醉气管插管和单纯经食管超声引导下进行。手术后1个月接受临床评估和心电图、经胸超声心动图等检查。结果共纳入22例患者, 男12例, 女10例, 年龄(71.3±6.7)岁。22例患者均成功完成三尖瓣经导管缘对缘修复手术, 植入夹子(1.5±0.6)枚, 术后即刻6例为无或微量反流, 15例为轻度反流, 1例为中度反流。22例患者均完成术后30 d随访, 三尖瓣反流4例为微量, 17例为轻度, 1例为中度。三尖瓣反流超声心动图测量指标包括有效反流面积、反流容积、缩流颈宽度、近端等速表面积半径均较术前减小(均P<0.05)。此外, 下腔静脉宽度、右心房容积、三尖瓣环直径、右心室舒张末直径均较术前改善(均P<0.05), 但三尖瓣环收缩期位移、右心室面积变化分数与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论单...