导管射频消融治疗持续性心房颤动的体会

目的研究持续性心房颤动(房颤)导管射频消融最佳手术方式及复发心律失常的处理策略。方法2005年3月~2007年8月共40例持续性房颤患者接受导管射频消融治疗,三维电解剖标测系统指导下行环同侧肺静脉左心房线性消融;2005年的12例患者部分附加左心房峡部、右心房峡部、左心房顶部线性消融;2006年的12例患者常规进行左心房峡部、右心房峡部射频消融,部分患者附加碎裂电位、左心耳或根据术中的房性心律失常附加其他部位射频消融;2007年的16例患者则在上述基础上进行冠状窦左心房心内膜面射频消融。结果2005年复发8例(66.7%),2006年复发3例(25.0%),2007年复发4例(25.0%)。复发的患者中8例接受第二次导管射频消融术,其中5例维持窦性心律。平均随访(17.6±10.4)个月,总治疗成功率82.5%。结论持续性房颤患者在以肺静脉口为核心的导管射频消融前提下,适当改进导管射频消融策略,可以显著提高成功率。     

二磷酸腺苷诱导血小板聚集率与急性冠状动脉综合征患者支架置入预后的关系

目的探讨以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后高血小板聚集率(血小板低反应)与缺血性事件发生的关系。方法入选278例急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者于PCI术后及随访期1个月分别行二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导血小板聚集率(ADP-PG)检测,观察院内围术期心肌梗死及术后6个月随访期内主要不良心脏事件(MACE);行ROC曲线分析,以最佳预测值分为血小板正常反应和血小板低反应组,观察组间MACE发生情况。结果 ROC曲线提示术后ADP-PG≥47.5%为血小板低反应组(曲线下面积=0.66,95% CI:0.57～0.75,P<0.01),共有81例(29.1%)患者;院内及6个月随访期共发生MACE39例(14.0%),随访期MACE发生率在血小板正常反应组和低反应组分别为4.6%(9/197)和11.1%(9/81),OR=2.61,P=0.04,低反应组更容易出现MACE。围术期心肌梗死在两组间分别为6.6%(13/197)和14.8%(12/81),OR=2.46,P=0.03,血栓性事件在两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.03)。结论术后血小板低反应与PCI术后缺血性事件高发生率相关,监测ADP-PG对发现PCI术后高危人群有帮助。     

经右锁骨下静脉途径导管射频消融三尖瓣环下的室性心律失常

目的探讨经右锁骨下静脉途径结合应用长鞘(SR0)导管射频消融三尖瓣环下起源的室性心律失常有效性及安全性。方法 8例患者,根据心电图和/或动态心电图诊断为三尖瓣环附近起源室性早搏(PVC)/室性心动过速(VT),均接受心脏电生理检查及射频消融治疗。术前曾经或术中采取常规下腔静脉途径消融失败后,改经右锁骨下静脉途径并辅用长鞘SR0进行标测与消融。消融成功后,结合靶点位置分析心电图及消融结果。结果 8例消融均获成功。根据消融导管的X线影像特征、电解剖证实其起源于三尖瓣环下6～9点。12导联体表心电图的PVC/VT的QRS波均呈左束支传导阻滞伴电轴左偏图形,Ⅰ、aVL导联主波向上,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联主波向下,2例肢体导联见切迹,QRS波时限174.75±13.44 ms,消融靶点局部V波较体表心电图QRS波提早27.5±3.16 ms。8例成功消融靶点图只见V波,6例有峰电位。随访2～12个月,1例PVC复发。结论在长鞘辅助下,经右锁骨下静脉途径能够安全、有效地消融治疗三尖瓣环下PVC/VT,是经股静脉途径消融失败的有效补充。     

Ensite非接触标测系统在室性心律失常患者射频消融中的应用

目的探讨Ensite系统标测室性心律失常的方法,并评价其指导射频消融的有效性和安全性。方法入选症状性室性期前收缩(室早)或室性心动过速(室速)患者98例,年龄(42±16)岁,其中男43例,女55例。经外周血管进非接触多极球囊导管至右心室或左心室三维重建心腔。心室激动时根据虚拟单极电位的等电位图,结合起搏和激动标测对起源点和突破口及优势传导通道进行消融。结果消融即时成功率95%(93/98)。起源于右心室流出道占96种,间隔部和游离壁各82、14种,起源于其他不典型部位21种,三尖瓣环8种。起源后传导突破呈快反应点爆发方式占78%(91/117),采用点消融覆盖相近的起源点和突破口;呈慢反应突破方式占22%(26/117),采用线性或片状消融策略。随访(6±3)个月,3例复发,1例经再次消融成功。结论 Ensite心内非接触式标测系统用于室性心律失常的三维标测有效安全。室速或室早自最早起源点后经优势传导通道向突破口传导有两种传导方式。     

双心室同步起搏治疗难治性心力衰竭的疗效

目的 探讨心脏同步化治疗（CRT）对于难治性慢性心力衰竭的效果。方法 30例顽固性心力衰竭患者，NYHA分级为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级，采用心电图观察QRS时限、超声心动图计算LVEF，组织多普勒超声彩色心动图了解心室壁同步的情况；6min步行距离测量心脏的负荷能力的变化。结果 （1）双心室起搏[（167±24）ms]和起搏前[（182±39）ms]、右心室起搏[（220±31）ms]、左心室起搏[（210±38）ms]比较QRS时限明显缩短（P〈0．05）。（2）心功能分级（NYHA）：术前Ⅲ～Ⅳ级，术后1周Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，术后1个月直至随访时仍旧Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。（3）LVEF：术后1周[（38．80±3．88）％]和术前[（27．30±28．94）％]比较明显提高（P〈0．05），随访时[（39．65±6．75）％]和术前比较明显提高（P〈0．05）。（4）6min步行距离：术后1周[（479±123）m]和术前[（388±165）m]比较有明显提高（P〈0．05）。结论 CRT短期可以减轻难治性心力衰竭患者的症状，增加其运动能力，改善心脏功能。     

环肺静脉射频消融治疗慢性心房颤动

4 背景 1994年Haisaguerre等首先报道了经导管消融治疗心房颤动。近几年来，随着对心房颤动发生和维持机制研究的深入，各种各样的心房颤动消融策略不断涌现出来并应用于临床，导管消融的适应证也从阵发性心房颤动扩展到所有类型的心房颤动。三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉消融术（circumferential pulmonary-vein ablation，CPVA）是目前治疗持续性心房颤动的最常用术式，取得了较好的疗效。但患者术后常需要接受短期的抗心律失常药物治疗和一次或多次的电复律以恢复窦性心律，而且有无症状性心房颤动复发存在。这些混杂的因素可能会使手术疗效被高估。     

无左心房和肺静脉三维重建的阵发性心房颤动导管消融术

Objective To investigate the differences between modeling and non-modeling left atrium in Carto XP system guided catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods Thirty-one cases of par-oxysmal atrial fibrillation treated by the same electrophysiologist with guidance of Carto XP during Jan to Dec in 2008 were enrolled. Catheter ablation was accomplished without left atrium and pulmonary veins modeling in 17 patients (non-modeling group) and with left atrium modeling in 14 patients (modeling group). The detailed ablation method was based on circumferential pulmonary veins isolation (CPVI). And linear ablation of tricus-pid valvular isthmus was selectively proceeded individually. The ablation endpoint was set to complete isolation of pulmonary vein potential from left atrium and no continuous fast atrial arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia could be induced. Comparisons for each step during procedure and the fol-low-up outcomes had been done. Results The male: female ratio of the 2 groups were 10:4 and 11 : 6 (P >0.05). The average age were (54.64 ± 15.58) and (59.41 ± 10.59) (P >0.05) ,the diseased courses were (5.05 ±10.4) years and (7.34±7.74)years(P >0.05),the left atrial sizes were (35.29±4.73) mm and (36.47 ±6.15)mm (P > 0.05), the total procedure time was (107.23±28.92) rain and (93.47 ±26.09) win (P>0.05). The X-ray exposure time was (21.09 ±6.49)min (modeling group) and (14.16±5.35)min (non-modeling group,P < 0.05). The CPVI time of fight pulmonary veins was (27.29±18.53) rain (model-ing group) and 18.00 ±4.51 min (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The CPVI time of left pulmonary veins was (28.14 ±9.26) rain (modeling group) and (23.94±7.10) rain (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The successful rates was 85.7% (modeling group) and 82.4% (non-modeling group, P > 0.05) over follow-up for 2 to 13 months. Conclusion Carto system guided catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without modeling of left atrium and pulmonary veins could take less time in X-ray exposure and ablation steps, compa-ring with left atrium modeling one.     

肌电图对神经肌炎诊断探讨

神经肌炎的诊断是一个很困难而又有争论的问题,不管是从电生理学、组织学上来证实其诊断都有一定困难。因此Ludin提出“神经肌炎”是临床的概念。我院发现四例肌肉活检具有肌炎的改变,周围神经活检又具有节段性脱髓鞘改变。而肌电图检查也发现既有肌源性肌电图改变,又有周围神经病变的表现。为了探讨神经肌电图对神经肌炎是否有其诊断意义举一典型病例报导。杨××,住院号291160,男,48岁,病程10个月。发病前有咽部不适及吞咽困难,     

视觉诱发电位的数据处理与计算机辅助诊断的初步探讨

目前视觉诱发电位(Visual EvokedPotentials,VEP)的实验研究和临床诊断都只采用常规的时域分析方法。近几年来,应用计算机数据处理技术对诱发电位信号进行频域分析引起重视,但VEP频域分析的研究只有少量报道。Trick等对多发性硬化症患者的VEP作了功率谱分析,发现高频成分显著减少,时域和频域分析结合应用可使诊断率从61％提高到86％。Jutai等报道精神分裂症患者VEP的10-14Hz的频谱功率低于正常人。为了探讨VEP分析的新方法、临床诊断的新指标和提高诊断的正确率,我们从1986年6月开始,对VEP的数据处理与计算     

CartoXP Guided Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Without Three-dimensional Modeling of Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins

Objectives This study was to investigate the differences between modeling and non-modeling left atrium （LA） in CartoXP system guided catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation （PAF）. Methods From Jan to Dec in 2008 total 31 cases with PAF were enrolled. All were treated by the same electrophysiologist with CartoXP guidance. Catheter ablation was accomplished without left atrium and pulmonary veins modeling in 17 patients （non-modeling group） and with left atrium modeling in 14 patients （modeling group）. The detailed ablation method was based on circumferential pulmonary veins isolation （CPVI）. And linear ablation of tricuspid valvular isthmus was performed individually. The ablation endpoint was a complete isolation of pulmonary vein potential from left atrium and no further induced continuous fast atrial arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation （AF）, atrial flutter （AFL） and atrial tachycardia （AT）. Each step for the procedures and the follow-up outcomes were compared correspondingly. Results The total procedure time was 107.23 ± 28.92 min in modeling group vs 93.47 ±26.09 min in non-modeling group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The X-ray exposure time was significantly longer in modeling group （21.09 ±6. 49 rain） than in non-modeling group （14. 16 ± 5.35 min）. The CPVI times of right pulmonary veins and left pulmonary veins were 28. 14 ± 9. 26 min was 27.29 ± 18.53 min in modeling group respectively, vs 18.00 ±4. 51 min and 23.94 ± 7. 10 min in non-modeling group respectively, （P 〈 0. 05 ）. There is no significant difference between modeling group （85.7%） and non-modeling group （82.4%） over follow-up period of 2 to 13 months. Confusions CartoXP system guided catheter ablation of PAF without modeling of left atrium and pulmonary veins took less time in X-ray exposure and ablation steps, comparing with left atrium modeling procedure.