Achieving renewable energies utilization target in South-East Asia: Progress,challenges, and recommendations

The South-East Asian countries together have a target to increase the component of renewable energy in their primary energy supply to 23 % by 2025. However, there is a different starting point for the individual country members based on their natural conditions and specific political and regulatory frameworks. The Association of South-East Asia Nations (ASEAN), as the regional-cooperation organization, does not have the authority to intervene in the countries’ national policy for renewable energy. It can only provide inputs to develop renewable energy. However, that can also be challenging because it does not have a portal to access each member’s development of renewable energy utilization. This study aims to observe each ASEAN member’s progress by analyzing historical data. This study also reviews some academic papers to summarize the challenges and obstacles faced by each country. The result suggests that regionally, ASEAN members still rely highly on fossil fuels, especially the total primary supply. Moreover, the share of traditional biomass is also very high. Although, data shows that its use has started to reduce as countries gradually shift to other energy options, unfortunately, mostly to fossil fuel. However, power generation has developed in a positive direction. Historical data shows an increase in renewable energy use for power generation, mainly due to the higher utilization of hydropower. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended for ASEAN to build a monitoring portal of renewable energy to track the progress, so it can provide more precise policy recommendations to its members and establish better energy cooperation between each member in the future.     

Carbon intensity of electricity in ASEAN: Drivers,performance and outlook

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with its ten member countries, has a total population exceeding 600 million. Its energy-related CO₂ emissions have been growing and in 2013 amounted to 3.6% of total global emissions. About 40% of ASEAN's energy-related CO₂ emissions are currently attributable to electricity production. In view of this high share, we study the CO₂ emissions of ASEAN's electricity production sector with a focus on the aggregate emission intensity (ACI) given by the level of CO₂ emissions for each unit of electricity produced. Drivers of ACI are analysed for individual countries and spatial analysis is conducted by comparing factors contributing to differences between the ACIs of individual countries and that of the ASEAN average. Arising from these analyses and in light of the current developments, it is concluded that drastic actions need to be taken both at the national and regional levels in order to reduce growth in the region's electricity-related CO₂ emissions. Two key policy issues, namely overcoming national circumstances to improve electricity generation mix and improving power generation efficiency, are further discussed.     

东盟国家钢铁产品标准制定及执行情况研究

简要介绍了东盟标准化组织概况,并就东盟主要国家（马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚和越南）标准化情况及其代表钢铁企业的钢铁产品标准制定及执行情况进行研究。     

中国-东盟家用空调器能效标准和标识对比分析

对中国和东盟部分国家的家用空调器的定义、测试标准、能效标准和标识进行了比较和分析,发现尽管各国对家用空调器制冷量范围的划分有所不同,但它们采用的测试标准基本相同,中国的最低能源性能标准高于东盟国家的,能效标识可分为中国采用的欧盟样式和多数东盟国家采用的澳大利亚样式两大类。中国和东盟国家家用空调器能效标准已具备一致化的可行性;但就能效标识而言,应促进中国与东盟国家能效标识项目的相互了解,为将来可能出现的一致化契机作准备。     

2005年东盟政治经济与电信市场发展情况

在政治趋于稳定、经济持续发展的前提下，东盟电信市场继续稳步推进，不过，东盟各国的电信发展速度存在差异显著，越南、印尼、束埔塞和老挝等电信普及率较低的国家，电信用户的年增速在30％以上，而泰国、新加坡、菲律宾和文莱等电话普及率超过40%的国家，用户年增速已降至10％以内。电信业务的发展也不协调．移动用户的年增量一直远远高于固定用户，不过在小灵通、无绳电话的推动下．2005年出现了移动用户增速放慢、固定用户加快增长的局面。     

建立中国-东盟自由贸易区对泰国福利影响分析

2003年11月，《中国-东盟全面经济合作框架协议》的签署，证明中国和东盟10国在建立中国-东盟自由贸易区的进程上更进一步。2010年该贸易区建成后，将成为世界上由发展中国家组成的最大自由贸易区。但是，中国和东盟各国的比较优势都在劳动密集型产品上，成员国之间存在着较强的竞争性，成员国会不会从中获取更大利益，本就建立“10 1”自由贸易区对泰国的福利影响进行分析。     

云南面向东盟区域物流人才需求调查报告

重点调查了云南面向东盟的物流发展机遇背景下物流人才的供需状况,指出人才瓶颈是云南由“物流的末端”变为“中国面向东盟的物流桥头堡”的障碍,提出了相应的对策措施。     

云南高职教育走向东盟的机遇与挑战

以东盟开发为前提,以“走出去”战略为背景,分析了云南高职教育走向东盟的历史和社会背景。从经济、旅游、能源开发等角度对东盟国家高技能人才的现状与需求进行了研究,总结了目前云南高职院校与东盟国家成功的几种合作办学模式并分析了云南高职教育走向东盟所面临的挑战,指出云南高职院校要实现“走出去”,是自身生存和发展的客观要求,所面,临的是极好的机遇与巨大的挑战共存的局面。     

Curtailed electricity and hydrogen in Association of Southeast Asian Nations and East Asia Summit: Perspectives form an economic and environmental analysis

This study examines how well producing hydrogen via electrolysis from curtailed electricity from renewables could fulfil environmental benefits against the cost of producing hydrogen via electrolysis in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the East Asia Summit (EAS). The cost of producing hydrogen via electrolysis ranges from less than USD² per kgH₂ when the electrolyser load factor is 1500 h or above to USD10 per kgH₂ or even higher when the electrolyser load factor is 500 h or lower. The amount of CO₂ emissions abated by hydrogen produced from curtailed electricity from renewables ranges from about 130 million tonnes to about 150 million tonnes for ASEAN and from about 18,000 million tonnes to about 19,000 million tonnes for EAS. Applying prevailing carbon prices to the CO₂ emissions abated, the possible monetised benefits of hydrogen produced via electrolysis from curtailed electricity from renewables range from about USD0.25 per kgH₂ to about USD9.00 per kg H₂ for ASEAN and from about USD0.50 per kgH₂ to about USD15.00 per kg H₂ for EAS. The results of the cost-benefit analysis suggest that the price of carbon needs to be about USD15 per tonne of CO₂ to justify hydrogen produced via electrolysis from curtailed electricity from renewables for both ASEAN and EAS. The results also suggest that high electrolyser load factors make hydrogen produced via electrolysis from curtailed electricity from renewables cost-competitive even under low carbon prices.     

南宁国际会展中心

南宁国际会展中心作为“绿城”南宁新的标志性建筑,由中德建筑师及工程技术人员合作设计完成。建筑设计紧扣“会展建筑”及“朱槿花”两个主题,利用基地内现有的山丘作为基座,各个楼层依山就势逐级升高,以理性主义的手法高度地融合了建筑技术与艺术表现,成功地营造了极具时代特色的城市标志性建筑。从2004年始,南宁国际会展中心成为举办中国-东盟博览会的永久会址。