从组织工程学谈医学创新人才的培养

组织工程学是相关领域成果和技术不断交叉、融合和相互渗透的创新产物,其发展过程体现了学科交叉、立体思维、人文精神的重要性。医学高等教育大面积的普及和专业的拓展,使得医学研究越来越成为多学科、多层次、多方位的研究方式;医学的发展需要能应对各种挑战并具有终身学习能力的医学创新人才。医学创新人才必须注重交叉学科的学习、立体思维的培养、人文精神的培育。     

儿童发育性运动协调障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍的关系研究

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍与发育性运动协调障碍之间的关系。方法对我院门诊的60例注意缺陷多动障碍患儿进行评估,以发育性运动协调问卷（DCDQ）评定发育性运动协调问题。结果注意缺陷多动障碍患儿DCDQ得分低于正常儿童,差别具有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。注意缺陷多动障碍患儿中20.0%同时存在发育性运动协调障碍,33.3%为可疑发育性运动协调障碍。其中25.0%的注意缺陷型、20.0%的多动-冲动型和22.2%的混合型注意缺陷多动障碍患儿同时存在发育性运动协调障碍,三种亚型与发育性运动协调障碍的共病率间差别无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论注意缺陷多动障碍与发育性运动协调障碍密切相关,且注意缺陷多动障碍的三种亚型与发育性运动协调障碍均存在共病,这为注意缺陷多动障碍的治疗提供了新思路。     

结核分枝杆菌RD1区PPE68/GST融合蛋白表达质粒的构建及表达

目的:构建结核分枝杆菌PPE68/GST融合蛋白表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌JM109中诱导表达. 方法: 利用PCR技术从结核杆菌H37Rv中扩增Rv3873基因,并将其定向克隆pGEX-4T-1中,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-Rv3873并转化E.coli JM109,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达.采用GST蛋白纯化试剂盒进行重组融合蛋白纯化,SDS-PAGE和Western Blot鉴定重组表达产物. 结果:成功构建原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-Rv3873并表达出约Mr 63 000大小的PPE68/GST融合蛋白,占总菌体的40%. Western Blot检测该融合蛋白能和结核患者多价抗血清发生反应. 结论:成功地构建了原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-Rv3873,并在大肠杆菌得到表达.     

他汀类药物抗炎护肾作用机制的实验研究

目的 在UUO模型上观察氟伐他汀对肾间质巨噬细胞细胞浸润、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达及肾间质纤维化程度的影响,探讨他汀类药物的抗炎护肾作用机制.方法 72只SD雌性大鼠随机分成对照组(n=24)、UUO模型组(单侧输尿管梗阻术,n=24)和氟伐他汀治疗组[UUO FVT组,单侧输尿管梗阻术 氟伐他汀20 mg/(kg·d),n=24].于术后第3,7,10,14天分别处死各组大鼠.用HE及Masson染色动态观察肾脏病理变化,免疫组织化学法测定MCP-1的表达和巨噬细胞浸润.结果 UUO模型组大鼠肾小管-间质MCP-1与单核巨噬细胞抗原ED-1的表达及肾间质胶原相对面积较对照组显著增加(P＜0.05);而术后各时间点,治疗组大鼠肾小管-间质MCP-1、ED-1的表达及肾间质胶原相对面积较UUO模型组显著减少(P＜0.05).结论 氟伐他汀可降低MCP-1表达、抑制巨噬细胞浸润,减轻肾间质纤维化,提示他汀类药物具有抗炎护肾的作用.     

Effects of anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody 12G5 on proliferation and apoptosis of human acute myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60

Objective:To investigate the expression of CXCR, on HL-60 cell line and the proliferation, apoptosis of HL-60 cell line cocultured with bone marrow stromal cells, so as to assess the possibility of 12G5. an anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody, in eradicating the minimal residual disease. Methods:The activity of SDF-1 was inhibited by 10μg/ml 12G5. After treatment with 12G5. the status of adhesion was observed, and the adhesion rates, apoptosis and cell cycles were detected after 24 h of treatment. Cell growth rates were measured by trypan blue exclusion. Cell growth curve was plotted, and the expression of PCNA and apoptosis related protein including PCNA, Bcl-2 and Fas were detected with immunohis-tochemical technique. Results :(1) There was middling degree expression of CXCR4 on HL-60 membrane. From 0 h to 6 h, as the time of 12G5 incubation along, the expression of CXCR4 decreased gradually. (2) After treatment for 24 h, the adhesion rates in the experiment group and the control were (39. 4±7. 9)% and (51. 4±5. 9)%, respectively. (3)After treatment for 24 h, the percentage of HL-60 cells in G0/G1 phase were (55. 21±4. 9)%, and that in S phase and G2/M phase were (30. 40±4. 1)% and (14. 39±5.2)%, respectively, with the corresponding proportions being (44. 67±2. 2) % , (45. 30±3. 7)% . and (10. 03±2. 6)% in the control. (4) The percentage of apoptotic HL-60 cells was (8. 95±1. 7)% in the experiment group, compared to (3. 97±2. 4)% in the control. (5)The survival rates of HL-60 cells decreased markedly at 48 h to 96 h, and the proliferation slowed down at this time duration. (6)The expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 down-regulated significantly, but the Fas protein expression was up-regulated. Conclusion :12G5 could inhibit the capability of adhesion and proliferation of HL-60 cells and it can induce more cells to enter G0/G1 phase and promote apoptosis. It may be helpful by inhibiting the bioactivity of SDF-1 with 12G5 in the therapy of marrow residual disease.     

通心络胶囊治疗脑血管病随机对照试验的Meta分析

【目的】评价通心络胶囊治疗脑血管病的疗效与安全性。【方法】计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(1996-2006年5月)、中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(1999-2006年5月)、MEDLINE(1996-2006年5月)、Cochrane图书馆,手工检索初步入选的所有文献,获取并评价通心络胶囊治疗脑血管病的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,然后分别采用SAS统计分析软件、RevMan 4.2软件进行Meta分析。【结果】共纳入37篇随机对照研究,3336例患者,其中通心络胶囊组1764例,对照组1572例。在总有效率方面,31个RCT的Meta分析结果显示,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在神经功能缺损评分方面,按病种分类作亚组分析时,7个治疗急性脑梗塞的RCT研究显示,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应极少发生,未见明显毒副作用。【结论】现有的证据表明,通心络与其他药物比较,可以提高脑血管病患者的治疗总有效率。受纳入研究的质量和数量限制,通心络胶囊治疗脑血管病的疗效与安全性需要更多高质量的、大样本的、双盲的随机对照试验加以证实。     

正畸治疗对错(牙合)畸形患者牙弓形态的影响

目的分析比较拔牙与不拔牙矫治对安氏Ⅰ类错畸形患者牙弓形态的影响。方法42例拔除4个第一前磨牙和27例未拔牙的安氏Ⅰ类错畸形患者,测量治疗前后的牙颌模型,记录上、下颌牙弓尖牙间和磨牙间宽度,以及上、下颌牙弓前牙段牙弓长度,将测量数据进行统计学分析。结果安氏Ⅰ类错畸形拔牙矫治后,上下颌牙弓尖牙间宽度增大(分别为1.08 mm和1.43 mm),变化值与不拔牙矫治差异无显著性(P>0.05);上颌牙弓磨牙间宽度减小(为1.63 mm),下颌牙弓磨牙间宽度增大(为1.34 mm),变化值明显大于不拔牙矫治(P<0.01);上下颌前牙段牙弓长度增大(分别为1.31 mm和1.01 mm),变化值明显大于不拔牙组(P<0.05)。不拔牙矫治后上下颌牙弓尖牙间宽度无明显增大,但磨牙间宽度增大(分别为0.99 mm和0.46 mm)。结论与不拔牙矫治相比,拔牙矫治不会减小尖牙间牙弓宽度和前牙段牙弓长度而影响面部美观;但拔牙和不拔牙矫治都能引起磨牙间牙弓宽度的改变,可能影响疗效的长期稳定性。     

PRIMARY STUDY OF REPAIRING PERIPHERAL NERVE GAP WITH PORCINE SMALL INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSA

Objective To investigate the role of porcine small intestinal submucosa （SIS） conduit in axonal regeneration of rat sciatic nerve with a 10 mm gap. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into three groups （n=16）. Following a 10 mm gap was made in one side of the sciatic nerve of each rat; previously prepared SIS and auto-nerve graft were interposed into the gap to reconnect the proximal and distal ends of the nerve, respectively. In the control group, the nerve gap remained unconnected. The samples of the SIS, graft, and distal nerve in group 1 and group 2 were harvested at 6 weeks and 10 weeks after operation, respectively. Axonal regeneration was evaluated by histology, electrophysiology, and quantitated by using computer-analyzed image.Results Regenerative nerve fibers were evident which contained much myelinated axons and grew over the gap in the SIS conduits at 10 weeks. Electrophysiological examination and computer-analyzed image showed that axonal regeneration in the SIS group was similar to that in the auto-nerve grafting group at 10 weeks. Conclusion SIS as a conduit possesses the ability for axonal regeneration of the peripheral nerve, thereby having a potential to be an alternative bio-material instead of the autograft to repair the peripheral nerve gap.     

护士在促进合理用药中的作用

目的：探讨护士在合理用药中的作用。方法：从护士参与药物治疗全过程分析合理用药。结果：加强护理管理，严格操作规程，促进了合理用药。结论：护士在促进合理用药中具有重要作用，加强护理中的用药管理可提高医疗质量，减少医疗纠纷。     

维持性血液透析患者的营养需求

随着透析技术的不断发展，透析疗治已逐步成为治疗终末期肾脏疾病的最主要方法。我困每年终末期肾脏病的发病率达1／100000，其中血液透析患者占92％，且年增长率高达18．7‰，透析患者往往存在营养不良的问题，而且显得日趋突出。这不仅影响血液透析患者的预后和生活质量，而且也是并发症和病死率增加的一个重要因素，所以要改善患者的营养状况和提高患者的生活质量，需要医护人员、患者和家庭的共同努力，更多地了解掌握营养需求的有关知识。