对/间苯二甲酸二苯酯的相转移催化合成与表征

在相转移催化剂存在条件下,以对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)、问苯二甲酰氯(IPC)、苯酚、氢氧化钠为原料,通过界面反应合成高纯度的对苯二甲酸二苯酯(DPT),m.p.为203.1～203.9℃,收率为98.3%;间苯二甲酸二苯酯(DPI),m.p.为140.8～141.7℃,收率为98.5%.该方法具有反应条件温和、操作简单、溶剂和催化剂均可循环利用等优势,是一种具有工业化应用前景的绿色合成工艺.     

地月转移轨道的Vinti多圆锥截线轨道预报方法

采用解析法近似、快速地预报地月转移轨道,对月球探测器的任务分析和轨道设计具有重要意义。已有的近似解析算法未考虑地球扁率影响,造成误差扩散,影响预报精度。本文给出一种新的快速准确预报地月转移轨道的解析算法,采用Vinti法对地月转移轨道的近地段进行扁率修正,采用多圆锥截线法预报地月转移轨道;讨论了算法中扁率修正时间长度和多圆锥截线变步长策略的选取,比较了多种典型地月转移轨道的预报方法精度与速度。与精确数值积分方法相比,新解析算法的计算速度快3个数量级,并且近月点位置的预报误差小于100km。     

场协同原理强化管外降膜吸收传热特性实验研究

对基于场协同原理设计的两种强化传热管型进行了LiBr降膜吸收水蒸气过程的传热实验研究,并与光滑铜管作比较,考查该传热管型在吸收过程中的强化作用.实验测量参数包括;溶液进出口温度、浓度,流量,冷却水进出口温度、流量等.实验结果表明,两种强化传热管型在低雷诺数时对LiBr降膜吸收传热的强化比分别为20%和50%,而且随着雷诺数的增大而增大.利用场协同理论和降液膜流动的波动特性分析了强化降膜吸收过程传热特性的物理机制,发现速度矢量与温度梯度的夹角及降液膜厚度形成的阻力对对流换热有一定影响.     

高炉铜冷却壁热态实验及温度场数值模拟

根据铜冷却壁传热过程分析,得到铜冷却壁热面复合传热系数的计算公式,并在1∶1的热态实验炉上进行了热态实验,得到不同炉气温度下相应的热面复合传热系数值.建立了铜冷却壁三维数学模型,模拟铜冷却壁在几种不同的热面边界条件下的温度场分布.通过与热态实验结果对比分析可知,热面复合传热系数不能取恒定值,需要考虑炉气温度变化的影响.通过模拟结果,计算壁体热流密度的分布,还可得到热面渣皮的厚度的变化范围.     

浆料鼓泡塔内吸附剂微粒增强气液传质的研究

为了考察吸附剂微粒对气液传质的增强,研究了浆料鼓泡塔内异丙醇-水/4A分子筛和叔丁醇-水/分子筛浆料系统内吸附剂微粒对气液传质的过程.考虑液相返混及气液两相间传质,建立了浆料鼓泡塔内气液传质模型,数值求解该模型,数值模拟计算结果与实验结果吻合较好.考察了系统中加入吸附剂微粒后,不同固含率对不同平均粒径下增强因子的影响及粒径对液相传质系数的影响.结果表明,吸附剂微粒的加入使气液传质得到增强.固含率增加,气液传质增强,当固含率超过4%后,气液传质的增强变得缓慢.微粒的粒径越小,对气液传质增强越大.     

钢管张力减径过程传热模型

为了提高钢管张力减径过程的轧制质量、降低能耗以及控制终轧温度的准确性,从而为钢管出炉温度提供科学设定依据,通过对传热机理分析,建立了钢管张力减径过程传热模型,给出了除鳞、轧制及空冷阶段钢管边界热流的计算式.基于塑性材料的变分原理,建立了轧制变形区的变形热计算模型.结果表明:变形热对钢管温度分布影响不可忽略;该模型能真实反映钢管在张力减径过程中的温度变化,与实测结果吻合较好,可用于钢管再加热和张力减径过程中的参数分析及工艺优化.     

Micro-Raman investigations on the structures of the surface and the inner of MgSO<Subscript>4</Subscript> droplets

Spherical MgSO4 droplets were deposited by a syringe on the hydrophobic Teflon substrate. Using micro-Raman technique, the laser beam was highly focused twice on the surface and in the center of spherlcel droplets. The Raman spectra for the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets were accordingly obtained, suggesting formation of a thin layer of gels on MgSO4 droplets at low relative humidity. The gel layer covered the surface and exhibited a significant delay in response to the change of amblent relative humidity, resulting in the structural difference between the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets.     

Solvent effects on photophysical properties of copper and zinc porphyrins

The photophysics of Zn（tetraphenylporphyrin,TPP）, Zn（tetra-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl porphyrin, TMP）, Zn （tetra-（o-dichlorophenyl） porphyrin, TPPCI8）, Cu（tetraphenylporphyrin,TPP）, Cu（tetra-2,4,6-trimethyl- phenyl porphyrin,TMP）, and Cu（tetra-（o-dichlorophenyl） porphyrin, TPPCIE, TPPCI8） in several solvents have been investigated on steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The Cu（TPPCI8 ） is normal and shows no evidence of CT transition in the visible or near UV regions in nonpolar solvent. However, Cu（TPPCI8）shows a blue shift in the absorption spectrum and intramolecular CT bands at absorption spectra in polar solvent, which shows a fluorescence maximum emission at 650 nm and 8.4 ns lifetime. The reason can be attributed to two points. Firstly, the increase of solvent polarity can enlarge outer reorganisational energy, which is favorable to reduce the activation free energy of charger-transfer transition based on Marcus theory of electron transfer. Moreover, the internal heavy-atom effect on Cu（TPPCIE） is encouraging to stabilize the 2T1 state also, which increases the possibility of population to CT band from 2T1 state. This result is in accord with an earlier estimate of a 10 ns lifetime and CT absorption at 640 nm bands for the CT state of Cu （11） octethylporphyrins. Other possible reasons arousing unusual fluorescence like H-bonding, axial ligands, molecular aggregation are excluded.     

Micro-Raman investigations on the structures of the surface and the inner of MgSO_4 droplets

Spherical MgSO4 droplets were deposited by a syringe on the hydrophobic Teflon substrate. Using micro-Raman technique, the laser beam was highly focused twice on the surface and in the center of spherical droplets. The Raman spectra for the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets were accord-ingly obtained, suggesting formation of a thin layer of gels on MgSO4 droplets at low relative humidity. The gel layer covered the surface and exhibited a significant delay in response to the change of ambi-ent relative humidity, resulting in the structural difference between the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets.     

卷积型加权残值法求解梁的瞬态热传导问题

通过卷积将热传导方程构造成包含初始条件的新的具有完整初值问题特征的控制方程．对于新的控制方程以伽辽金加权残值法进行求解,经对梁的瞬态热传导问题的计算表明,该方法是一种精度好效率高的求解热传导同题的计算方法．