Development of diatom-based salinity models for paleoclimatic research from lakes in British Columbia (Canada)

Diatoms were identified and enumerated from the surface sediments of 65 lakes located on the Cariboo and Chilcotin Plateaux (British Columbia, Canada). These lakes span a large gradient in lakewater ionic concentration (fresh through hypersaline) and composition, as well as other physical/chemical variables. Almost all of the study lakes had higher salinities in the late-summer than in the spring. The lakes with spring salinities >8 g l^–1 showed the largest seasonal increases in salinity. Ionic composition was similar in the spring and late-summer for most lakes. Both ionic concentration (i.e. salinity) and composition were important environmental variables that could account for the different diatom floras in the lakes. Diatom assemblages characteristic of carbonate-dominated and sulfate-dominated waters were identified. Other variables such as water depth and phosphorus concentration were also important.The majority (87%) of diatom taxa had estimated salinity optima < 3 g l^–1 Halophilic diatom taxa had broader tolerances to salinity when compared to the fresh water taxa, however taxa with narrow and broad tolerances could be identified across the salinity gradient. Species diversity was weakly but significantly correlated to lakewater salinity (r ² = 0.18 to 0.3, P < 0.05).Salinity inference models were developed based on the relationship between the diatom assemblages and the spring, late-summer and average salinity. The correlations between the measured and diatominferred salinity, based on the spring (r = 0.95), late-summer (r = 0.94) and average (r = 0.95) salinity data, are high because there was an extremely strong correlation (r = 0.98) between the log transformed spring and late-summer measured salinities. These salinity reconstruction models provide a tool that can be used to infer past climatic changes as part of paleolimnological studies from appropriate closed-basin lakes in British Columbia.     

THE STUDY ON FEATURES OF PALEOCLIMATIC VARIATION OF DRY AND COLD AREAS (Ⅱ)——PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FLUCTUATING MODEL OF PALEOCLIMATE OF QARHAN SALT LAKE REGION IN QAIDAM BASIN

Depositing ages of sediment in core CK6 of Qarhan Salt Lake were determined by usingmethods of ~(14)C, ~(230)Th and paleo-terrestrial-magnetism. Based on synthetic analyses for thevariation of the content of organic carbon, sporo-pollen composition and lithofacies, the fluc-tuating model of paleo-climate since 750 ka B.P. was set up. It is divided into 21 fluctua-ting epochs of climate, among them, 11 are warm and humid epochs, and 10 are dry andcold epochs.     

广西百色第三纪哺乳动物群与气候变迁

在广西百色共发现了三个层位:晚始新世早期的洞均组,晚始新世晚期的那读组和早渐新世的公康组。它们的哺乳动物的种类数目分别为14,27和ll,而其南方类型的百分含量则分别为50,77.8和54.5。故在晚始新世早期或早渐新世,气候较凉;而在晚始新世晚期,气候较暖。这是与北美的情况相类似的。     

Sources and accumulation rates of organic carbon in an equatorial peat bog (Burundi, East Africa) during the Holocene: carbon isotope constraints

The relationship between organic carbon accumulation rates and ¹³C/¹²C ratios of total organic carbon (TOC) was investigated in an highland peat bog core (Ru-3) from Equatorial Africa. This core yielded a sequence spanning the last 14 kyr and was analysed with a 100–300 yr resolution for TOC-δ¹³C values. The Holocene section shows contrasted TOC accumulation regimes and TOC δ¹³C varying between −28.5 and −19.5‰ with a few very short ‘isotopic excursions' (dated at ca. 9.3, 7.5, 4.2 ka B.P.). The organic carbon accumulation rates range from 2 to 20 mg C cm⁻² yr⁻¹. They increase when TOC becomes more depleted in ¹³C, notably between 12 and 9.8 ka B.P., 8.5 and 7.8 ka B.P. and after 1.6 ka B.P. Periods of restricted carbon storage correspond to heavier TOC accumulation at 9.3, and between 7.5 and 1.6 ka B.P. At the study site, the δ-variations can be related to variable C4-plant inputs, and possibly, to changes in the fractionation between CO₂ and the organic carbon in C3 vascular plants. The Ru-3 record indicates restricted carbon storage during the periods of increased contribution from C4 plants and/or of decreased fractionation between CO₂ and organic carbon in C3 plants. Changes in TOC-δ¹³C values in core Ru-3 seem to match fluctuations of East Equatorial African lakes. High lake stands correspond to low δ¹³C intervals and vice versa. This points to indirect climatic forcing of δ¹³C changes in intertropical peats.     

河北宁晋泊地区2600年来古气候变化研究

今年宁晋泊南王庄剖面的孢粉,粘土矿物,粒度等数据和Ｐｏｒｔｅｒ等的粒度年龄模型建立时间标尺,划分出２６００年来的气候冷暖变化阶段。基本特征如下：孢粉Ⅰ带,大约２００ａＢＰ－６３０ａＢＰ,气候冷干;Ⅱ带,大约６３０ａＢＰ－１０１０ａＢＰ,气候温暖,上部偏干,下部潮湿;Ⅲ带,大约１０１０ａＢＰ－１１６５ａＢＰ,气候稍冷较湿;Ⅳ大约１１６５ａＢＰ－１３５０ａＢＰ,气候温暖潮湿;Ⅴ带,大约１３５０ａＢＰ－     

Paleoclimate evolution recorded in the Cambrian Epoch 2 Zhushadong Formation from Dengfeng area,western Henan Province

The complete early Cambrian Zhushadong Formation is developed in Dengfeng area,Henan Province,which record important information of paleoclimate variation. The lithology,element geochemistry,sedimentology and palaeontology are investigated to have a closer insight into the paleoclimate and environmental variations during deposition of the early Cambrian Zhushadong Formation of the western Henan. The results show that the Zhushadong Formation can be divided into three lithological members: Lower laminated dolomite Member,the upper leopard limestone Member and the top laminated dolomite Member. The paleoclimate variations are reflected by stratified dissolved pores,chert and gypsum in the laminated dolomites,intensive bioturbation in leopard limestones and multiple geochemical parameters,including Mn concentration,and the ratios of Sr/Cu,Rb/Sr and MgO/CaO. It displays a clear change from hot and arid climate of the lower laminated dolomite Member,to warm and humid climate of the upper leopard limestone Member,and back to hot and arid climate of the top laminated dolomite Member. The contemporaneous sediments in North China show the similar paleoclimate variations to the Zhushadong Formation in western Henan Province.     

The Pleistocene vermicular red earth in South China signaling the global climatic change: The molecular fossil record

The widespread (with a distribution area of 2.2?06 km2) Pleistocene red earth is believed to be one of the most detailed records of the environmental and climatic changes in South China. However, the previous research mainly covers the rough dating, pedo…     

Palynological records of environmental changes in the middle part of Inner Mongolia,China

Today, the central part of Inner Mongolia has a continental climate, with cold winters, hot summers, and approximately 70% of the precipitation falling in the summer months. Vegetation is dominated by steppe vegetation with Stipa bungeana and Stipa breviflora. Scattered individuals of Quercus liaotungensis, Populus davidiana, Betula platyplylla are distributed in the mountains, with some Pinus tabluaoformis, near Miaoyu, and with fragmentary Picea above 1700—1800 m a.s.l. The Huitenglian…     

Distributions of fatty acids in a stalagmite related to paleoclimate change at Qingjiang in Hubei,southern China

~~Distributions of fatty acids in a stalagmite related to paleoclimate change at Qingjiang in Hubei,southern China1. Dorale, J. A., Edward, R. L., Ito, E. et al., Climate and vegetation history of mid-continent from 75 to 25 ka: A speleothem record from Crevice Cave, Missouri, USA, Science, 1998, 282(5395): 1871-1874. 2. Li, B., Yuan, D., Qin, J. et al., Oxygen and carbon isotopic char- acteristics of rainwater, drip water and present speleofhems in a cave in Guilin area, and thei…     

湖泊沉积生物硅的测定与应用:以湖光岩玛珥湖为例

在国外实验方法基础上,初步建立了湖泊沉积生物硅实验室测定方法,硅胶模拟实验表明,该方法准确可靠,沉积样品重复测试显示测量平均偏差小。利用此方法,首次分析了我国雷州半岛湖光岩玛珥湖Ｂ孔部分岩芯生物硅含量,结果显示,生物硅敏感地记录了末次冰消期古季风气候的变化,揭示了快速变化的ＢΦｌｌｉｎｇ－ＡｌｌｅｒΦｄ－Ｙｏｕｎｇｅｒ Ｄｒｙａｓ气候事件,表明了低纬度湖泊沉积生物硅也是一个理想的古气候替代指标。