Calgranulin expression in inflammatory dermatoses

We have used monoclonal antibodies to study the expression of calgranulins by keratinocytes in inflammatory dermatoses. Calgranulins are intracellular calcium binding proteins which have inflammatory cytokine activity and are composed of at least two different chains, calgranulin A and B. Antibody CF 145 and CF 557 identify calgranulin A and B, respectively. MAC 387 recognizes a molecule probably containing both calgranulins. Keratinocytes in normal skin did not contain these molecules. The keratinocytes in 52 cases of different inflammatory dermatoses showed expression of both calgranulin chains in lesional but not in non-lesional skin. Keratinocytes in inflammatory dermatoses therefore express an intracellular calcium binding protein which has cytokine activity.     

乳腺癌组织内微血管分布的定量研究

用ＦⅧ相关抗原免疫组化染色定量观察４８例乳腺浸润癌。结果表明：有腋窝淋巴结转移组血管密度为每ｍｍ２１３５．４±４７．８个，无腋窝淋巴结转移组血管密度为每ｍｍ２９６．１±３１．４个，两组间的差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时血管的分布在癌组织旁每ｍｍ２１４２．４±４９．５个，在癌肿中央为每ｍｍ２９３．５±２８．６个，两组差异亦具有显著意义。结果揭示乳腺癌组织内血管生成与肿瘤的生长及腋窝淋巴结的转移关系密切。     

TTF-1、SP-A在肺腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 评价甲状腺转录因子-1(TTF-1)、肺泡表面活性蛋白A (SP-A)在肺腺癌中表达的敏感性和特异性,探讨他们在肺腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 选择经组织学和临床资料证实的肺原发性腺癌40例、转移性腺癌13例,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测TTF-1及SP-A的表达情况.结果 40例肺腺癌中有32例表达TTF-1、27例表达SP-A;13例转移性腺癌中只有1例肝细胞癌胞质表达TTF-1、无SP-A表达.TTF-1和SP-A在肺腺癌中表达的敏感性分别为80%和67.5%、特异性均为100%.结论TTF-1在肺腺癌中表达有较高的敏感性和特异性,在排除甲状腺癌可能后,可作为鉴别肺原发性和转移性腺癌的可靠标记;而SP-A敏感性较低且随分化程度降低表达下降,故TTF-1对肺腺癌鉴别诊断的价值优于SP-A.     

Overexpression of MDM2 in a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma: genetic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is an extremely rare soft-tissue neoplasm. Here, we describe the molecular genetic alterations and histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a primary SEF arising in the retroperitoneum. The tumor consisted of uniform small round to ovoid epithelioid cells, arranged in nests and cords and surrounded by a prominent hyalinized collagenous matrix. The tumor cells expressed only vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed features of fibroblasts, with an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Neither p53 gene mutations nor p53 protein overexpression were detected, but more than 70% of all tumor cells showed strong immunoreactivity with murine double minute 2 (MDM2). Our results suggest that MDM2 overexpression is likely to play a role in tumorigenesis in this lesion in p53-dependent or p53-independent pathways. To our knowledge, the present study is the first molecular genetic study of this rare lesion. Further studies will be necessary to clarify the molecular basis of tumorigenesis of this rare lesion.     

肉瘤样型间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床病理特征

目的探讨肉瘤样型间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(sALCL)临床病理特点、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征。方法对1例sALCL的临床、病理组织学、免疫表型及免疫球蛋白重链(IgH)和T细胞受体(TCR)基因克隆性重排情况进行观察并复习相关文献。结果眼观:送检淋巴结1枚,1.5cm×1.0cm×1.0cm,切面呈鱼肉状。镜检:淋巴结基本结构几乎完全被破坏,异型的梭形和上皮样细胞弥漫增生。免疫表型:瘤细胞呈CD30、ALK1、EMA、CD45RO、CD45、TIA1、granzymeB、perforin、CD68(部分)、SMA(梭形成分)阳性。基因重排:TCRβ1克隆性重排。结论sALCL属罕见恶性肿瘤,其形态不典型,易误诊为其他恶性肿瘤,免疫表型和遗传学异常有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断。     

A series of 14 new monoclonal antibodies to keratins: characterization and value in diagnostic histopathology.

A series of 14 new mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to keratins is described and the data suggesting their potential value in the differential diagnosis of human tumours are reported. The specificities of individual MAbs of the 'C-series' presented here range from monospecificity for keratin No. 7 (MAbs C-18, C-35, C-62, and C-68), keratin No. 8 (MAbs C-15, C-43, and C-15), and keratin No. 18 (MAbs C-04 and C-08) up to the broadly reacting 'pan-keratin' MAb C-11, with the target epitopes of the remaining four MAbs being shared by different pairs of keratin polypeptides. The results of the biochemical characterization of the MAbs, together with their immunohistochemical staining patterns on frozen as well as on paraffin sections of normal human tissues, suggest that they represent a significant contribution to the growing list of anti-keratin MAbs applicable in both research and routine diagnostic pathology. The immunohistochemical examination of a wide range of human neoplasms with the new MAbs not only confirmed their value in making distinctions between carcinomas, on the one hand, and lymphomas, and gliomas, on the other, but also verified the possibility of more subtle subdivisions within the group of adenocarcinomas and their metastases. Furthermore, the identification of small subsets of breast carcinomas with decreased levels or apparent loss of the keratin No. 7 polypeptide and some cases of stomach carcinoma with apparently induced expression of this keratin suggests that such 'exceptions' must be considered when using keratin spectra as one of the criteria in differential diagnosis.     

肝纤维化形成过程中瘦素的表达变化

目的：观察二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)诱导实验性肝纤维化模型大鼠肝纤维化形成过程中瘦素(Leptin)的表达变化。方法：模型组大鼠腹腔注射10 mg/kg体质量的DMN生理盐水溶液,于注射后的1、2、3周末处死动物,分别采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及免疫组化法检测瘦素mRNA和蛋白质的表达。结果：正常肝脏无瘦素蛋白表达,给药后第1周仅见少数中央静脉的内皮细胞以及极少量的窦周细胞表达阳性。第2周,则见瘦素表达明显增强,主要分布在纤维增生区域。第3周,瘦素表达进一步增强。正常肝脏组织未检测到mR- NA的表达。而注射DMN 1、2、3周,可见清晰的346 bp瘦素mRNA的条带,表达随时间逐渐增强。结论：瘦素与肝纤维化的进展有关,在肝纤维化的中晚期起重要作用。     

Ultrastructural Characterization of Oligodendroglial-like Cells in Central Nervous System Tumors

Cells with uniform, small-round nucleus and clear cytoplasm (oligodendroglial-like cell, OLC) are commonly observed in central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm of glial and neuronal lineage, such as oligodendroglioma, clear-cell ependymoma, and central neurocytoma. Immunohistochemistry does not always contribute to the characterization of OLC because of (1) loss of antigen expression; (2) lack of specific markers for oligodendrogliomas; and (3) occasional coexpression of neuronal and glial antigens. An ultrastructural analysis associated with an immunohistochemical study of 20 cases of CNS tumors largely constituted by OLCs has been performed. Neurocytomas (12 cases), medullocytomas (2 cases), cerebral neuroblastoma (1 case), and ganglioglioma (1 case) showed OLCs with ultrastructural features of neuronal differentiation (neu-ritic processes, dense-core granules, synaptic structures). Oligodendroglioma (3 cases) OLCs were characterized by mitochondrial-rich cytoplasm, and ependymoma (1 case) OLCs showed microrosettes and scattered cilia. The electron microscopic analysis can provide a more precise diagnosis of these OLC-containing tumors despite their uniform morphological appearance.     

乳腺基底细胞样癌的临床病理观察

目的 探讨乳腺基底细胞样癌(basal-like carcinoma,BLC))的临床病理特征、免疫表型特点及预后.方法 收集乳腺BLC 12例,总结其临床资料、大体及组织病理学特征,并进行免疫组化EnVision法染色.选用的抗体包括CK5/6、vimentin、CK8、ER、PR及c-erbB-2等.结果 本组患者均为女性,发病平均年龄40.4岁.12例乳腺BLC均为组织学Ⅲ级.肿瘤表现为无腺管的富于细胞的实性结构,周围有较少的纤维结缔组织间隔;大多数表现为推进式生长方式,周围有大量淋巴细胞浸润;排列呈实性巢状、片状、团块状及粗大带状结构伴有片状地图样坏死,肿瘤中央可出现无细胞结构的纤维瘢痕.肿瘤细胞胞质少呈合体状,核为圆形、卵圆形,胞核胞质比例高,核分裂象活跃.12例乳腺BLC的免疫表型均为ER、PR及c-erbB-2阴性,而CK5/6、CK8及vimentin阳性.结论 乳腺BLC是一种新的乳腺癌类型,具有独特的免疫组化特征、组织形态学特点及生物学特性,应作为一种独立的乳腺癌亚型加以认识.     

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and its relationship to p53 accumulation in colorectal cancers

PURPOSE: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an inducible isoform responsive to cytokines, mitogens, and growth factors, and is believed to be an important enzyme related to colorectal cancer (CRC). Existing evidence suggests that COX-2 expression is normally suppressed by wild-type p53 but not mutant p53, suggesting that loss of p53 function may result in the induction of COX-2 expression. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between COX-2 expression and p53 levels in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (n=161) who underwent curative surgery in Chosun University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Expression of COX-2 and p53 proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded cancer tissue blocks, and the relationship between COX-2 and/or p53 expression with clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Expression of COX- 2 was positive in 47.8% of colorectal cancers, and significantly associated with the depth of tumor invasion (p= 0.042). In contrast, p53 was positive in 50.3% of the cases, and was associated with both age (p=0.025) and the depth of tumor invasion (p=0.014). There was no correlation between COX-2 expression and p53 expression (p=0.118). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that COX-2 expression might play an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer. However, COX-2 expression was not associated with mutational p53. Further studies are needed to clarify the regulatory mechanisms governing COX-2 overexpression in colorectal cancers.