CNS 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol: Its peripheral assessment by isotopic dilution and theoretical significance

TANG, S. W., H. C. STANCER AND J. J. WARSH. CNS 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol: Its peripheral assessmentby isotopic dilution and theoretical significance. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(6) 669–674, 1978.—An isotope dilution model for the peripheral measurement of CNS catecholamine metabolism was examined in rabbits. ³H-norepinephrine (³H-NE) infusions were performed on rabbits before and after central sympathectomy via intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment. Urine samples were obtained 72 hr after ³H-NE infusion and analysed for specific activities (SAs) of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA). The SA of MHPG was lower than that of VMA in all animals suggesting a source of unlabelled MHPG. The difference between the SAs of VMA and MHPG was abolished when the brain MHPG was markedly lowered by 6-OHDA injections. In animals which received 6-OHDA but retained moderate levels of brain MHPG, the difference between SAs of VMA and MHPG was maintained. The proposed model is able to predict and differentiate between rabbits that have severe depletion of CNS catecholamines and normal controls. The results suggest important relationships between CNS and peripheral NE metabolism and the compensatory capacity of the CNS to insult.     

碘酸钠选择性破坏视网膜色素上皮层后视网膜组织病理学改变

实验观察分析了采用碘酸钠不同程度地选择性破坏视网膜色素上皮层后视网膜其他层的组织病理学改变．给家兔静脉注射30μg/kg的NaIO₃(0.05mol)，分别间隔48h和72h再注射1次，第7天取出眼球作组织病理学和扫描电镜观察．结果发现间隔48h组RPE变性较重，发生破裂或崩解，此时，视网膜其他层损伤较重；间隔72h组RPE变性较轻，仅发生皱缩，未见破裂，此时视网膜其他层的改变也较轻．结果表明：RP的损伤直接影响到视网膜其他层，RPE损伤越重，视网膜其他层的损伤程度也较重． （中华眼底病杂志，1995，11：188-189）     

实验性眼冲击伤视网膜电图的改变

实验性兔眼冲击伤后，视网膜电图（ERG）a、b波振幅明显降低，分别约为伤前35%及54%，并于伤后14d，21d才恢复至伤前水平。地塞米松合并蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗组ERG a、b波振幅恢复早于对照组及地塞米松合并妥拉苏林或单纯用地塞米松的两个治疗组。表现一定能量的冲击波可造成明显的视网膜功能损害，ERG可作为检测损伤程度，客观评价疗效的重要指标。 （中华眼底病杂志，1995，11：169-171）     

SC1001钠盐对马桑内酯点燃家兔脑神经细胞超微结构的观察

本文报道用马桑内酯阈下剂量反复注入家兔海马造成点燃效应,再用SC1001钠盐治疗,观察其海马及大脑皮层神经细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明:SC1001钠盐能使马桑内酯点燃家兔已出现的神经损害有一定的恢复。     

Transmission Electron Microscopic Studies on StreptococcaI Aerosol Infection

To investigate the initial focus of streptococcal invasion, aerosol-induced infection in rabbits that resembled natural infection was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Group A type 12 streptococci were adjusted to a concentration of 10^8-10⁹ colony forming units (CFU)/ml in saline. The rabbits were exposed to the aerosolized suspension for about two hours and sacrificed at two hours to 14 days after the exposure. Pharyngeal mucous membranes, palatine tonsils and tracheas were observed by TEM. Bacterial attachment was recognized on the tonsillar surface epithelium and abnormalities such as vacuolization of cytoplasm and an increased number of plasma cells were observed in the tonsillar medulla. In addition, specialized epithelial cells included micropinocytotic vesicles with spherical substances similar to those of the bacteria. The micropores of tonsillar crypts are considered to be the pathway of infiltrating cells and initial focus of foreign antigens at present. These findings suggested that tonsils have an important function as the initial focus of invasion of streptococci.     

Parallel and serial processes of the prefrontal and cingulate cortical systems during behavioral learning

GABRIEL, M. AND E. ORONA. Parallel and serial processes of the prefronlal and cingulate cortical systems duringbehavioral learning. BRAIN RES. BULL. 8(6) 781–785, 1982.—Multiple unit activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus was recorded during differential conditioning of a locomotory (wheel-rotation) avoidance response. The positive and negative conditional stimuli (CS+ and CS?) were pure tones (1 kHz and 8 kHz), and the unconditional stimulus was a footshock (1.5-2.0 mA) delivered through the grid floor of the wheel apparatus. A principal objective was to compare the development during training of CS-related neuronal activity in the PFC and MD nucleus, to that obtained in past studies of the adjacent limbic mesocorticothalamic system (the cingulate cortex and the anteroventral (AV) thalamic nucleus). The results indicated that these systems perform associative processing of task-related stimuli in parallel: as in the cingulate cortex, discriminative neuronal discharges (greater discharges to the CS+ than to the CS?) developed in the PFC in the earliest training stage, before incipient discriminative behavior, and as in the AV nucleus, discriminative discharges in the MD nucleus developed in a later training stage. Nevertheless the possibilities of serial processing and intercausality in these systems was suggested by the finding that discriminative activity in the PFC and MD nucleus developed at briefer latencies and earlier in the course of trials than in the cingulate cortex and the AV nucleus.     

微囊化与未微囊化复方甲地孕酮注射液动物肌内残留率的对比研究

本文报道用微囊化与未做囊化复方甲地孕酮注射液经肌内注射后,测定所注射的肌肉甲地孕酮残留量的方法与结果。实验表明:微囊化注射液t_(50)为11.4天,未微囊化的t_(50)为5.6天,两者有显著性差异(P<0.01)。残留车—时间曲线的前段分别接近呈一直线,药物释放符合零级反应方程,微囊化注射液约可维持27天,未微囊化的约可维持15天。     

硫酸亚铁制作家兔癫痫模型的病灶光镜和透射电镜研究

对３２只家兔利用ＦｅＳＯ４成功地制作癫痫模型，采取大脑皮层和海马区癫痫点燃病灶作了光镜和透射电镜观察，其脑电图棘波，尖波显示的部位神经元出现损害，突触发生明显病理变化，突触前轴突末梢水肿，突触水泡减少或消失，以上结果提示这些兴奋性突触病变在癫痫发病及脑电图棘波形成中有着重要的意义，脑微血管改变造成血循环障碍可导致大脑皮层和海马区抑制性神经元受损，星形细胞和毛细血管增生，髓鞘松散化，从而引起癫痫的发     

Serotonin antagonists and central hyperthermia produced by biogenic amines in conscious rabbits.

Previous studies have shown that the hyperthermia produced by intracerebroventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to conscious rabbits was antagonized by cyproheptadine and increased by LSD. Other putative antagonists, i.e. cinanserin, methiothepin, 2-bromo LSD, methysergide and dimetiotazine are investigated in the present report. Cinanserin and methiothepin resembeld cyproheptadine, 2-bromo LSD had almost the same effects as LSD and methysergide exhibited a mixed pattern of action, being depressant or potentiating as a function of dose. Dimetiotazine had no specific action. Cinanserin, however, differed from cyproheptadine in selectively antagonizing and early component of the 5-HT rise, unmasking an important fall and leaving a late hyperthermic component unaffected, thus disclosing three distinct effects of 5-HT action. The cinanserin, methiothepin and methysergide antagonism of the 5-HT-induced temperature rise was greater than the antagonism of the noradrenaline (NA)-induced rise. Methiothepin and methysergide inhibited both the 5-HT and DA hyperthermia; cinanserin--like cyproheptadine--was more effective on the 5-HT rise. The potentiation of the 5-HT temperature rise by 2-bromo LSD and methysergide was more developed than was the potentiation of the NA and DA rises. The effects of the drugs studied on 5-HT action argue in favour of the existence of several types of central 5-HT receptors. The dissociation observed between the antagonism to 5-HT and that to DA does not favour a mediation of DA hyperthermia by 5-HT; antiserotonin drug antagonism of DA hyperthermia is more simply accounted for by interactions at the level fo specific DA receptors. The potentiation of the 5-HT-induced temperature rise by 2-bromo LSD and methysergide might result from an antagonism of the hypothermic component. As with LSD, 2-bromo LSD and methysergide alone also produced hyperthermia, the origin of which is briefly discussed.     

实验性视网膜脱离模型的建立

目的 :探讨视网膜脱离模型的建立方法。方法 :采用药物液化和机械液化相结合的方法 ,将 2 0只Albino兔的玻璃体快速液化 ,然后用高速液流将视网膜冲破形成视网膜裂孔。结果 :37只眼成功的建立了孔源性视网膜脱离模型。结论 :此法可以快速有效的建立视网膜脱离模型 ,有助于临床研究视网膜脱离的发病机理、影响因素、治疗方法及预后