不同物理环境对体外培养动物细胞的影响

本文介绍了生物物理领域中不同物理环境对体外培养的动物细胞增殖方面的研究进展。着重介绍了各种电磁场对不同细胞增殖的影响；失重、超重刺激对细胞增殖的影响；激光照射对细胞增殖的影响；以及不同力学环境对细胞分裂、增殖的影响。     

杜仲愈伤组织的诱导及增殖效应

以杜仲（Eucommia Umoidues Olive）的幼茎为外植体，接种于附加NAA、2，4-D、KT、6-BA及其组合的MS培养基上，均能产生愈伤组织，但MS 2，4-D的培养基上愈伤组织容易褐化，其他均可正常生长，MS NAA0.5mg/L 6-BA0.5mg/L KT1.0mg/L的培养基是适合愈伤组织的增殖培养的。     

Physiological responses of osteoblasts to cyclic stretching and the change of intracellular calcium concentration

The development of bone tissues is regulated by mechanical stimulation.Cyclic stretching was applied to the osteoblasts that were delivered from rat calvarie,The results showed that stretching at 500με increased the cell proliferation while loading at 1000με and 1500με inhabited cell growth ,Loading also increased the adhesive force between cells and substrate as well as spreading areas of osteobalsts.Furthermore,the fluorescence probe Fluo-3/AM was used to investigate the effect of stretching stimulation on the intracellular calcium concentration of osteoblasts.The intracellular calcium concentration of osteoblasts that were stretched at 500 με for 5 min was 92.9% higher than the control ,After being treated with the panax ontoginseng saponins,the streteched osteoblasts still expressed 28.6% higher intracellular calcium concentration than that of the control ,which proved that both the influx of extracellualr calcium and the release of intracellular calcium store were involved in the increase of intracellular calcium concentration when osteoblasts responded to the cyclic stretching And the influx of extracellular calcium through transmembrance channel played a main role.     

杜仲组织离体培养研究

以杜仲(EncommiaulmoidesOliver)当年生枝条的叶片、带芽茎段为外植体,基本培养基为MS,附加不同浓度的BA、KT和NAA.最佳芽诱导培养基为:MS KT1 0mg/L NAA0 1～0 5mg/L;MS BA2 0mg/L NAA0 1～0 5mg/L,最佳芽丛增殖培养基为:MS KT2 0mg/L NAA0 1～0 2mg/L;MS BA1 0～2 0mg/L NAA0 1～0 2mg/L;MS KT2 0mg/L IBA0 1～0 2mg/L;MS BA1 0～2 0mg/L IBA0 1～0 2mg/L,单芽增殖培养基:MS KT1 0mg/L NAA0 1mg/L,生根培养基:13MS KT0 1mg/L NAA0 5mg/L.     

HA/Ti梯度薄膜材料的体外细胞相容性研究

用射频磁控溅射与水蒸气处理相结合的方法，在医用Ti-6A1-4V合金表面制备HA／Ti梯度薄膜．通过材料与成骨细胞体外共培养，研究实验材料的细胞相容性．结果表明：随着细胞培养时间的延长，两组试样表面细胞均呈典型的S型生长，增殖显著，形态正常．相比之下，HA／Ti梯度薄膜周边和表面的细胞数量更多，贴附更加紧密，显示了良好的细胞亲和力。     

卡介苗胞壁脂聚糖诱导鼠巨噬细胞增殖后凋亡的研究

研究卡介苗胞壁脂聚糖提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞株Ana-1的影响.采用超声波破碎细菌、Triton X-114相分离和酒精沉淀等方法分离得到卡介苗胞壁总脂聚糖的提取物;采用苯酚-硫酸法检测提取物中多糖含量,用不同浓度梯度的提取物刺激后,采用XTT法检测24h后Ana-1细胞增殖的情况,选择40×10-6g/mL胞壁脂聚糖刺激细胞48h,72h后,用流式细胞仪检测Ana-1细胞凋亡的结果.卡介苗胞壁脂聚糖提取物对Ana-1细胞的增殖活力有促进作用,而继续作用后诱导了细胞凋亡.卡介苗胞壁脂聚糖促进了鼠巨噬细胞的增殖,可能引起巨噬细胞的细胞因子的分泌而诱导了细胞凋亡,有较强的免疫活性.     

Fatty acid metabolism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis>

Peroxisomes are essential subcellular organelles involved in a variety of metabolic processes. Their importance is underlined by the identification of a large group of inherited diseases in humans in which one or more of the peroxisomal functions are impaired. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism to study the functions of peroxisomes. Efficient oxidation of fatty acids does not only require the participation of peroxisomal enzymes but also the active involvement of other gene products. One group of important gene products in this respect includes peroxisomal membrane proteins involved in metabolite transport. This overview discusses the various aspects of fatty acid -oxidation in S. cerevisiae. Addressed are the various enzymes and their particular functions as well as the various transport mechanisms to take up fatty acids into peroxisomes or to export the -oxidation products out of the peroxisome to mitochondria for full oxidation to CO₂ and H₂O.Received 19 February 2003; received after revision 27 March 2003; accepted 27 March 2003     

中国李离体繁殖的研究

对影响中国李离体繁殖的有关因素进行了研究．结果表明,中国李增殖和生长适宜的ＢＡ和ＩＢＡ 浓度分别为１．０ ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０５ ～０．１ ｍｇ／Ｌ,生根适宜的ＩＢＡ浓度为０．４ ｍｇ／Ｌ;培养基中加入ＧＡ３ 和降低ＮＨ４ＮＯ３ 浓度有利于加长生长;用山梨醇作碳源时芽的增殖倍数高于蔗糖,而生根率低;２ 个品种中,“晚红李”的增殖和生长优于“美丽李”,而生根率无明显差异．     

Plasma enteroglucagon,peptide YY and gastrin in rats deprived of luminal nutrition,and after urogastrone-EGF administration. A proliferative role for PYY in the intestinal epithelium?

Intestinal tissue mass was significantly reduced throughout the gastrointestinal tract (p<0.001) of=" intravenously=" fed=" (tpn)=" rats.=" urogastrone-epidermal=" growth=" factor,=" (uro-egf),=" reversed=" these=" changes.=" although=" plasma=" enteroglucagon=" and=" gastrin=" levels=" showed=" a=" small=" increase=" with=" uro-egf,=" this=" was=" far=" less=" than=" the=" gut=" tissue=" weight=" change,=" suggesting=" that=" it=" was=" unlikely=" that=" they=" were=" involved=" in=" modulating=" the=" proliferative=" response=" of=" the=" intestine=" to=" uro-egf.=" peptide=" tyrosine=" tyrosine=" (pyy)=" levels=" were=" however=" significantly=" increased=" by=" uro-egf,=" indicating=" that=" pyy=" may=" possibly=" have=" a=" role=" in=" the=" modulation=" of=" intestinal=" cell=">We thank the Cancer Research Campaign for their financial assistance and acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr W. Lenton.     

Pleiotropic effects of sonic hedgehog on muscle satellite cells

Muscle satellite cells are believed to form a stable, self-renewing pool of stem cells in adult muscle where they function in tissue growth and repair. A regulatory disruption of growth and differentiation of these cells is assumed to result in tumor formation. Here we provide for the first time evidence that sonic hedgehog (Shh) regulates the cell fate of adult muscle satellite cells in mammals. Shh promotes cell division of satellite cells (and of the related model C2C12 cells) and prevents their differentiation into multinucleated myotubes. In addition, Shh inhibits caspase-3 activation and apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. These effects of Shh are reversed by simultaneous administration of cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the Shh pathway. Taken together, Shh acts as a proliferation and survival factor of satellite cells in the adult muscle. Our results support the hypothesis of the rhabdomyosarcoma origin from satellite cells and suggest a role for Shh in this process.Received 23 February 2005; received after revision 2 May 2005; accepted 9 June 2005