脂类捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选的选择性作用

通过浮选实验、吸附量和红外光谱测定,考察了捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选性能的影响及作用机理.结果表明:DLZ在pH=2.7～12.05时对黄铜矿的捕收能力强,最大回收率95.7%,而对黄铁矿的捕收能力弱,且PH=6.9～12.05时其回收率小于10%.用CaO作pH调整剂时,在pH=7～11时黄铜矿的回收率与用NaOH调PH相差不大,但黄铁矿可浮性被抑制,回收率低于5%.DLZ在黄铜矿上的吸附量比在黄铁矿上的大,特别是强碱条件下;其吸附量随用量的增加而增大.DLZ与矿物作用的红外光谱分析表明:黄铜矿与DLZ作用后出现了DLZ的相关特征吸收峰,而黄铁矿与DLZ以及Cu~(2+)作用前后的红外光谱曲线基本没有变化,可见DLZ在黄铜矿表面的吸附属于化学吸附,在黄铁矿表面的吸附属于物理吸附.     

源自硫化矿区的氧化亚铁硫杆菌新菌系的鉴定

从广西铜坑矿区多金属复杂硫化矿矿坑水中分离得到了一株嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(暂命名为TK),该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,短杆状,菌体大小为(0.4±0.1)μm×(1.4±0.2)μm,最适生长温度为25~30℃,最适pH值为2.0,化能自养型,能利用亚铁、单质硫和葡萄糖生长,不能利用硫代硫酸钠、蛋白胨生长。测定其亚铁和元素硫的氧化能力,并考察它对铁闪锌矿的浸出效果。以16SrDNA序列同源性为基础构建了包括15株已报道菌种和其他菌属菌株作为外来群在内的系统发育树。结果表明:TK菌株处于单独的一个分支内,与嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌株D2最为相似,相似性为98.67%,推测TK菌株为嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌的一个新菌系。该菌系的分离为嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌多样性和生态分布研究提供了一种新材料。     

苯氧乙酸类浮选抑制剂性能的量子化学计算

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,取6-31G基组,对苯氧乙酸类浮选抑制剂分子进行了量子化学计算.通过官能团羧基的键电荷密度及其比值ρ(O-H)/ρ(C-O)的计算,比较了各药剂分子离解成一价负离子的难易.根据各分子的前线轨道能量差△EHoMOLUMO和一价负离子的HOMO能级,对分子的反应活性、一价负离子与矿物表面不同金属离子作用的强弱进行了比较.从药剂与矿物表面作用前后的能量变化,比较了各药剂的一价负离子与不同矿物表面发生作用的稳定性,并通过对比矿物与捕收剂作用后的能量变化,证明苯氧乙酸类抑制剂对方解石的抑制作用是靠抑制剂在矿物表面强烈的化学吸附而形成的.     

Biofilm forming and leaching mechanism during bioleaching chalcopyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

The mechanism of attachment and leaching of thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T. f. ) on chalcopyrite were studied. The shaking flasks with bacteria were observed by SEM. The process of T. f attached to the surface of the mineral sample and the biofilm forming were described. The promoting role of the biofilm for bioleaching was discussed. The existence of Fe^2 in the exopolysaccharide layer of T. f was demonstrated by EM(electronic microscope)cell-chemistry analysis. These results show that under the proper growth condition of bacteria, bioleaching of chalcopyrite results in the formation of complete biofilm after 2 - 3 weeks. There are iron ions in the outer layer polymer of T. f. , which provides the micro-environment for themselves, and can guaruntee the energy needed for the bacteria growth in the blofilm. At the same time, Fe^3 ions produced oxidize sulfide which brings about the increase of both growth rate of the bacterial and leaching rate of sulfide minerals.     

An impedance response model for inhibitory effect of antibiotics on bacterial growth in biometallurgy

An impedance response model reflecting the inhibitory effect of antibiotics on bacterial growth in biomet-allurgy was established. Three inhibition parameters, i.e. the maximum amount inhibitory constant of the bacterial growth(K1), the maximum specific growth inhibitory constant(K2) and the lag time inhibitory constant(K3), were included in the model. The influence of these parameters on the response curve was discussed in detail. By fitting experimental data towards the proposed model, three growth parameters (A,μm and λ) in the presence of antibiotics were gained and compared. The results show that the growth ability of bacteria is decreased due to the influence of antibiotics. The experimental and fitted curves have goodness-of-fit in the range of 0. 987-1. 008. Moreover, the kinetic growth parameters obtained from this model are closed to those from the Logistics popular growth model.These results show that the proposed model is validity to reflect the inhibitory effect of antibiotics on bacteria.     

Corrosive electrochemistry of jamesonite

The corrosive electrochemistry of jamesonite (Pb4FeSb6S14 ) was studied by the electrochemical methods of cyclic voltammetry, polarization, and AC impedance. The electrochemical processes of jamesonite were controlled by the corrosive reactions, growth of the metal-deficient and sulfur-riched layer, passivation and breakdown of elemental sulfur film on the electrode surface. The corrosive potential(φcorr) moves negatively, its corrosive current increases, and hydroxyl action becomes stronger with the rising pH value. The charge transfer resistance increases and the capacitance decreases due to the gradual growth of the metal-deficient and sulfur-riched layer on the mineral surface from -378 to 122mV (vs SHE). Element sulfur layer is formed at the potential of 122 mV. The charge transfer resistance increases and its capacitance rises slowly due to the gradual breakdown of sulfur film at voltage from 222mV to 422mV. S2O3^2- and SO4^2- ions occur when the electrode potential is over 422 mV. Under basic condition, the hydrophobic hydroxyl precipitate occurs on jamesonite surface, so that its collectorless floatability is poor. Under the condition of pH6.86, it can be deduced that the potential range of collectorless floatability of jamesonite is from 22 to 422mV due to the passive action of the hydrophilic sulfur on jamesonite surface, and its optimum range of floatable potential is between 122 and 322mV.     

Effect of two kinds of amino-acids on bioleaching metal sulfide

By adding suitable amount of amino acid L-cysteine to acidic solution in contact with sphalerite or pyrite,the activity of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans is largely enhanced. But, at comparable higher concentration of L-cysteine, a deleterious effect on bacterial activity was found, which can be due to the toxic effect of this amino acid at higher concentrations to microbes. The addition of L-methionine would be great inhibition to the bioleaching no matter how much it was applied, which indicates that L-methionine is harmful for bioleaching. The quite different effect on bioleaching between L-cysteine and L-methionine lies in that L-cysteine has a SH group which is useful in helping metal sulfide bioleaching by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

脆硫锑铅矿在乙硫氮饱和Ca(OH)_2体系中的电化学

采用循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究了脆硫锑铅矿在乙硫氮饱和Ca(OH)2体系中的电化学,讨论了电位调控浮选脆硫锑铅矿的工艺参数。电位在-378～22mV范围内,矿物的界面电容不断减少,介电常数变小,表面产物是疏水性的(CH3)2NCSS-、Pb((CH3)2NCSS-)2和S0;电位在22～222mV范围内时,矿物表面的疏水产物膜迅速破裂,电容增加,介电常数变大,界面亲水性增强。随着电位的继续升高,矿物表面不断产生亲水性离子和Fe(OH)3的沉积;对于乙硫氮饱和Ca(OH)2水溶液体系,脆硫锑铅矿的电位调节浮选的工艺参数应控制在-178～122mV之间,实际工艺中电位控制在-78mV～50mV范围为宜。     

内蒙古某复杂多金属硫化矿选矿技术研究

对内蒙古某铜铅锌多金属硫化矿石进行了浮选试验研究。采用"铜铅混合浮选-铜铅分离-尾矿再选锌"的工艺流程,在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占80%条件下,优化药剂制度,获得了铜精矿铜品位20.14%、铜回收率40.27%,铅精矿铅品位62.46%、铅回收率93.56%,锌精矿锌品位48.84%、锌回收率89.27%的选别指标,银总回收率达到了88.01%。     

脆硫锑铅矿与乙基黄药相互作用电化学浮选红外光谱研究

考察了乙基黄药为捕收剂时,脆硫锑铅矿的浮选行为,发现在pH2￣12的范围内,脆硫锑铅矿均可表现良好的可浮性,只有pH>12时,可浮性下降。通过用氧化剂过硫酸铵、还原剂硫代硫酸钠调节矿浆电位,考察了脆硫锑铅矿在不同pH值下,可浮性与矿浆电位的关系,得出了矿物可浮的电位-pH区间。并通过红外光谱测试的研究,探讨了乙基黄药在脆硫锑铅矿表面作用机理及生成产物,不同pH值及不同电位下与乙基黄药作用后,脆硫锑铅矿浮选回收率与红外吸收强度有一定的对应关系,在弱酸性范围,红外信号最强。乙基黄药在脆硫锑铅矿表面作用主要生成物为黄原酸铅。