岩白菜素清除小鼠脑组织自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用

目的:研究岩白菜素对小鼠脑组织缺血再灌注的保护作用。方法:通过测定小鼠正常脑组织和缺血再灌注脑组织分别与岩白菜素作用后生成脂质过氧化产物及通过比色法测定岩白菜素对黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,评价岩白菜素对脑的保护作用。结果:岩白菜素能有效地抑制缺血后脑组织发生的脂质过氧化反应,对黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基也有明显的清除作用。结论:岩白菜素对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用。     

基于地址结构匹配的手写中文地址的切分与识别

为了自动识别手写中文地址,提出基于地址结构的汉字字符切分和匹配方法。它将地址行图像过切分为一列子字符图像,对于可能的子字符合并方式进行识别。置信度比较大的词作为关键词搜索地址数据库,得到一系列候选地址。对每个候选地址进行匹配,综合考虑切分、识别和匹配代价给出最终结果。该方法在565个地址行样本上获得了超过91%的地址匹配率。实验表明:该方法能有效地克服传统手写汉字切分方法的不足,减少切分错误,从而提高地址匹配的正确率。     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

Density functional theory study of the reaction paths of reactions of CH3C(O)O2 radicals with HO2 in the gas phase

A DFT study on the reactions between CH₃C(O)O₂ and HO₂ radicals has been carried out. It is suggested that both the triplet and singlet potential surfaces involve a complex mechanism with the formation of loosely bound intermediate complexes of reactants and products. The reaction prefers to occur on the triplet surface to produce peracetic acid (CH₃C(O)O₂H) and triplet O₂ molecule. The CH₃C(O)O₂H can further convert into CH₃C(O)O and HO radicals.     

沙苑子对运动训练大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响

通过建立力竭跑台训练模型,测试大鼠骨骼肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和ATP酶活性,探讨沙苑子对力竭跑台训练大鼠骨骼肌组织自由基代谢、ATP酶活性和运动能力的影响.结果显示,与安静组比较,运动力竭组SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性降低,MDA含量升高;沙苑子组大鼠骨骼肌组织活性显著高于对照组,MDA含量明显低于相应对照组(P<0.01);运动力竭组Na 、K -ATPase和Ca2 、Mg2 -ATPase活性与安静组比较降低,沙苑子组大鼠骨骼肌组织ATPase活性显著高于对照组.沙苑子可显著提高运动大鼠抗氧化的功能,提高运动大鼠骨骼肌组织ATPase活性,具有较强抗氧化能力,使大鼠运动能力有了明显提高.     

Effect of CH_3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Peroxides play an i mportant role in atmosphericchemistry,because they are not only amongthe prin-ciple oxidants in the chemical conversion of O3andSO2,but also act as an atmospheric sink and tempo-rary reservoir for i mportant oxidizing radicals such asOH, HO2and RO2[1 ,2]. With the development ofmeasurement techniques , several organic peroxideswere identified in the atmosphere in addition to hy-drogen peroxide (H2O2)[3—5]. And among these or-ganic peroxides , methyl hydroperoxide ( MH…     

Density functional theory study of the reaction paths of reactions of CH_3C(O)O_2 radicals with HO_2 in the gas phase

Acetyl peroxyradicals play a major roleinthe at-mospheric degradation of organic compounds .In pol-luted atmospheres ,the reaction between CH3C(O)O2radical and NO2forms the well-known PAN(peroxy-acetyl nitrate , CH3C(O)OONO2) ,an i mportant or-ganic contributor to photochemical smog.Inless pol-luted atmospheres ,the reactions between CH3C(O)O2and HO2radicals become critical as NOxlevels maybe low[1 ,2]. Niki et al . were the first to examine thereactions of CH3C(O)O2with HO2radic…     

中草药添加剂对烟气相自由基的影响

采用五味子、藿香、甘草、降香的乙醇提取液作为卷烟添加剂,讨论它们对卷烟烟气中有害健康的烟气相自由基的降低情况,为生产低毒卷烟提供了一种可行方法     

环境持久性自由基的研究进展

环境持久性自由基(environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs)是一类新型的环境风险物质, 能在大气环境中持久存在, 并具有顺磁稳定性. 主要概述了EPFRs的特征、形成机理以及影响EPFRs 形成的各种因素, 总结了EPFRs 的环境持久性和毒性对人体健康的危害, 并介绍了EPFRs 的潜在环境应用, 以及利用EPFRs 激活某些化合物产生活性氧对有机污染物进行降解等.     

基于MLS卫星临边探测数据研究大气OH时空分布

 OH自由基是大气中重要的氧化剂,对大气中其他气体成分和气溶胶的形成和转化起着重要作用。本文利用MLS(micro-wave limb sounder)卫星观测资料,对大气平流层上层和中间层OH自由基的时空分布和变化以及中国上空OH自由基的垂直分布进行分析。结果显示,大气平流层上层和中间层OH自由基含量存在明显的季节变化和昼夜变化,在空间上的分布也随着太阳直射点的不同而呈现一定的周期性。比较了中国上空与同纬度纬向平均值,发现白天和夜间的观测值只有个别位置有较明显偏差,中国地区上空的OH含量比在整体上与同纬度比起来无明显异常,中国局地上空廓线的比较更加详细地反映了OH自由基的昼夜垂直结构。总之,中层大气OH自由基含量存在显著的昼夜变化、季节变化,同时也受太阳活动的影响,年际变化则不明显。