小型特种精细化工过程自动化和信息化研究发展趋势探讨

针对采取小批量间歇性批次生产方式、工艺介质腐蚀性强、危险性大的小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验过程自动化、信息化程度不高，导致工艺研究试验中获取数据较少、过程机理研究不够透彻、人工操作多、安全风险高、研究试验消耗大及效率不高等问题，综述了期待通过智能控制、在线分析、模拟仿真和虚拟制造、工况监测及预测性维护以及信息管理和生产调度等关键技术的研究和应用，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的自动化和信息化程度，实现小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化、虚拟化和智能化，降低生产安全风险和试验消耗，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验的成功率和效率，达到小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化设计和精准生产的目标。     

40万t/年转炉钢渣蒸汽陈化处理生产线

介绍了针对国内某炼钢厂专门设计的40万t/年转炉钢渣蒸汽陈化处理生产线主要参数及工艺流程,对该生产线中的钢渣倾翻车、钢渣冷却搅碎车、转运车、蒸汽陈化釜等主要设备特点进行了阐述,同时对该生产线应用的冷却水量研究、搅碎辊轨迹优化等关键技术作了进一步的探讨。     

Structural,microstructural, and magnetic studies of Y3Fe5-xNixO12 garnet nanoparticles

This paper reports the structural and magnetic properties of a series of Y₃Fe_5-xNi_xO₁₂ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) nanopowders synthesized by the citrate combustion method. We have discussed the change in different properties with the variation in calcination temperatures as well as the Ni ion substitution in yttrium iron garnet. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the desired garnet phase formation in all the calcined powders, and the crystallinity improved with an increase in calcination temperature. The crystallite sizes were observed in the range 47–52 nm and 84–94 nm for the samples calcined at 800 and 1000 °C, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed that the grains were in the nanometre range (132–170 nm) at 800 °C and increased (351–363 nm) at 1000 °C. Larger grains at high calcination temperature resulted in the enhanced saturation magnetization and a decrease in coercivity. Curie temperature (T_c) was observed in the range 558–560 K for all the calcined Y₃Fe_5-xNi_xO₁₂ samples. Nickel substitution for iron sites in Y₃Fe_5-xNi_xO₁₂ decreased the saturation magnetization and enhanced the coercivity. This could be related to the substitution of Ni ions for tetrahedral iron sites, which changed the magnetic exchange interactions of different lattice sites. The magnetic anisotropy constant (K) increases with the enhancement of calcination temperature, whereas it decreases with nickel ion substitution in Y₃Fe_5-xNi_xO₁₂. This study suggests that the structural and magnetic properties can be tuned by Ni substitution for the Fe ions in Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ garnets at different calcination temperatures, which make them promising candidates for various technological applications.     

Tributyl phosphate additive enhancing catalytic absorption of NO2 for simultaneous removal of SO2/NOx in wet desulfurization system

Removal of SO₂ and NO emissions from coal-fired power plants have always been the focus in coal's utilization industries for which traditional wet desulfurization system hold the potential to achieve simultaneous removal of SO₂/NO_x. In this work, a novel liquid catalyst (tributyl phosphate, TBP) was investigated for the simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO_x in a NO pre-oxidation (ozone oxidation) assisted process. The absorption process and reaction mechanism of SO₂ and NO₂ were studied in a small-scale experimental system, and the removal efficiency of pollutant and the key parameters were examined in a pilot-scale system. The results show that the removal efficiency of NO₂ in traditional wet desulfurization system is only 20–40%; however greatly increases to >90% when TBP is added. Moreover, TBP can enhance the NO₂ removal performance in the presence of SO₂ due to the formation of TBP–NO₂–SO₃²⁻ complex. Considering the oily nature of TBP that can be easily separated, such addition strategy hold great potential for industrial SO₂/NO_x simultaneously removal.     

Mechanical and fracture investigation of magnesia refractories with acoustic emission-based method

In this study, the fracture behaviour of magnesia, magnesia chrome and magnesia spinel (MgAl₂O₄ and FeAl₂O₄) refractories under wedge splitting test are qualitatively and quantitatively investigated with the acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). First of all, the concepts of characteristic widths are proposed for estimating the brittleness of refractory materials according to the shape of load-displacement curve and validated by their good correlation with the characteristic length. Besides, the AE data are analyzed with AE parameter-based approaches and offer new insight into the fracture behaviour of refractory materials, including the classification of the cracking events in grains and in matrix, the distinction between the tensile mode and shear mode damage, and the visualization of the fracture process zone development. It confirms that the pre-existing micro-crack networks in refractories are favourable for the brittleness reduction, which enhance their nonlinear fracture behaviour and thermal shock resistance.     

Estimating posterior inference quality of the relational infinite latent feature model for overlapping community detection

Overlapping community detection has become a very hot research topic in recent decades, and a plethora of methods have been proposed. But, a common challenge in many existing overlapping community detection approaches is that the number of communities K must be predefinedmanually. We propose a flexible nonparametric Bayesian generative model for count-value networks, which can allow K to increase as more and more data are encountered instead of to be fixed in advance. The Indian buffet process was used to model the community assignment matrix Z, and an uncollapsed Gibbs sampler has been derived.However, as the community assignment matrix Z is a structured multi-variable parameter, how to summarize the posterior inference results and estimate the inference quality about Z, is still a considerable challenge in the literature. In this paper, a graph convolutional neural network based graph classifier was utilized to help to summarize the results and to estimate the inference quality about Z. We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic data and real data, and find that empirically, the traditional posterior summarization strategy is reliable.     

有机膜精确调控传质的新型溶析结晶及过程强化

溶析结晶是一种环保、高效的结晶方法，在温敏性、低溶解度物系的晶体生产领域具有不可替代的重要作用。但是，传统溶析结晶过程中溶液过饱和度的时空均一性差，传质调控为微米级尺度，容易爆发成核，是亟待解决的关键问题。本文提出利用聚醚砜（PES）中空纤维膜，为溶析剂与结晶溶液之间的传质提供均匀稳定的界面，实现结晶溶液与溶析剂的精确混合和结晶过程强化，开发了一种新型的溶析结晶传质调控技术。溶析剂在压力差驱动下均匀渗透通过有机膜，在结晶溶液一侧的膜外表面形成溶析剂液膜层，通过表面液膜的不断更新，将传统溶析结晶的毫米级宏观混合转变为亚微米级尺度的微观混合，实现过饱和度的均匀分布。同时，这层液膜的存在，避免了结晶溶液直接接触膜表面，有效地解决了异相成核附着导致膜污染的问题。实验中，对壳程流速做出周期性改变后，渗透通量可即时发生一致的线性响应变化，证实有机膜调控传质过程的精确性和灵敏性。PES膜重复使用多次后，渗透通量仍可以保持稳定。相比传统的滴加式溶析结晶，在相同的溶析剂传质速率下，有机膜调控过程制备的晶体产品，形貌更加规整、粒径分布更集中。因此，在溶析剂精确传质和抗污染方面，有机膜调控的溶析结晶过程均表现出良好的性能，为药物、大分子结晶的高效工业化制备开拓了新的思路。     

一种液压摩擦焊机电液系统研究与试验

针对海上石油平台、海底输送管线维修的需要,提供了一种液压摩擦焊机液压和电器系统设计思路,通过参数计算、电液控制系统设计,研发了一种液压摩擦焊机,通过对DH38钢摩擦叠焊单元成型工艺试验,发现焊接接头拉伸强度达到了母材强度的76%以上,验证了液压摩擦焊机的可靠性能,通过该研究的应用,可对海上石油平台、海底输送管线的维修起到积极作用。     

XJM-KS型浮选机矿化器负压产生机理研究

浮选机矿化器是用于浮选矿浆预处理的重要设备，其性能的优劣直接影响到浮选机的工作效果。文章通过流体力学仿真软件FLUENT对XJM-KS型浮选机矿化器的内部流场进行数值仿真，重点研究了聚焦式喷嘴布置所带来的流场特征。模拟结果表明，高速的矿浆射流能够在混合室内产生-2.43×10Pa的负压区，从而吸入大量的空气，实现空气与矿浆的有效混合与预矿化，与传统的机械搅拌式矿浆预处理装置相比，该矿化器能够大幅度提高预矿化效果。     

Atomistic insight into the hydration and proton conducting mechanisms of the cobalt doped Ruddlesden-Popper structure Sr3Fe2O7-δ

Sr₃Fe₂O_7-δ (SFO) with two-layer Ruddlesden-Popper (R–P) structure has recently been proved to be a promising material for the single phase cathode in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (P–SOFCs). To investigate the hydration reactions and proton conducting mechanisms of SFO and cobalt doped SFO (SFCO), both bulk and surface properties were calculated. We conclude that R–P structures have advantages in P–SOFCs. The unique Sr–O–M layer can facilitate the hydration process. Although in Sr–O–F and Sr–O–N layers, it is difficult for the formation and migration of oxygen vacancies, protons are most stable. Furthermore, cobalt doping can not only improve the electronic conductivity but also enhance surface properties of SFCO. The easily exposed Co–Fe–O surface can also facilitate the hydration reactions on the surface. Our work could give an informative insight into the relationships among the doped elements, the R–P structures, the hydration process and the proton conducting properties.