多花黑麦草的形态与细胞结构解剖

本研究通过对多花黑麦草 (L olium multiflorum)的植株、花、果的形态特征及种籽的果皮、种皮、胚芽、胚根鞘和盾片的上皮细胞、胚乳的淀粉和糊粉层细胞的组织细胞结构进行鉴别比较和综合分析 ,尤其是对多花黑麦草籽实是否含有与引起同属的毒麦籽实产生毒麦硷 (Temuline- C7H12 N2 O)的类似寄生病菌进行了研究与探讨 ,为口岸杂草检验检疫和牧草的引进、生产提供依据。     

The juvenile stages of Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) (Crustacea,Decapoda, Parastacidae)

The family Parastacidae consists of the freshwater crustaceans popularly known as crayfishes or crawfishes. Only the genus Parastacus occurs in Brazil, with P. brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) endemic to the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Parastacids have direct development, ecloding as juveniles. In laboratory‐reared specimens, juvenile I stage is similar in morphology to the adult, with no setae on most appendages, absence of uropods and presence of a hook on the dactyl of pereiopods 4 and 5. The juvenile II retains juvenile I characteristics but has more setae, which are more varied in morphology. The juvenile III possesses setae as the adults, fully formed uropods and the hooks on pereiopods 4 and 5 are substituted by an apical rectilinear dactylus.     

Revision of the Neotropical genus Yagra Oiticica (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

The Castniidae, or butterfly moths, are characteristically colourful diurnal moths, distributed throughout the tropics except in Africa. The Neotropical representatives forage almost exclusively on monocotyledonous plants and many species are crop pests with more than 60% of the Neotropical castniids found or endemic in Brazil. Research studies that focus on taxonomy, systematics, and morphology of this group are scarce. In this study, Yagra Oiticica, a small genus restricted to south-eastern South America, is revised and the diagnostic morphological characters of male and female genitalia are illustrated. This research is part of long-term study on the Castniidae for future phylogenetic analysis.     

A new species of the genus Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 from Vietnam (Squamata: Colubridae)

ABSTRACT

A new species of Liopeltis from central Vietnam is described based on morphological and molecular differences. Liopeltis pallidonuchalis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: one single (or missing) loreal; one single nasal shield; dorsal scales in 15–15-15 rows, all smooth; 1 preocular, 2 postoculars and 1 + 2 temporals; 7 supralabials, of which 3^rd and 4^th in contact with the eye; 8 infralabials; nasal contacting internasal; prefrontal touching or separated from supralabials; ventral scales 126–138; subcaudal scales 67–73, paired; relative tail length about 0.274–0.301; an uniform bronze body colouration; a thin postocular stripe extending from eye to end of the neck becoming indistinct posteriorly. The new species differs from the morphologically closest species Liopeltis frenata by the lower number of ventrals and subcaudals, by characteristic colouration and significant divergence in cytochrome b mtDNA gene sequences (p = 15.3–15.6%). The new species is currently known from northen and central parts of the Annamite (Truong Son) Mountains, central Vietnam, and was recorded from montane evergreen tropical forests of Kon Tum–Gia Lai Plateau (Gia Lai and Thua Thien–Hue provinces, Da Nang City) at elevations of 950–1010 m asl to karst tropical forests in Quang Binh Province in the north at elevation 150 asl. We suggest the new species should be considered as Vulnerable (VU) following the IUCN’s Red List categories. An updated taxonomic key to the Liopeltis species is provided.     

基于数学形态学的去方块效应法

为了减少多分辨奇异值分解(MSVD)图像融合后的图像出现明显可见的方块效应,提出一种基于数学形态学的边缘检测去方块效应的方法.首先通过形态学梯度算子求出两幅原图像的边缘,将边缘融合后的图像作为有方块效应图像的边缘,然后根据形态学梯度逆变换得到结果图像.最后,采用客观性能指标对结果图像进行评价.实验结果表明本文中的方法不仅简单易行,而且图像可以达到较均匀的成像效果;方块效应去除后,图像表现出良好的视觉效果,清晰度和空间频率都有很大提高,且具有较好的保持边缘的性能.     

钨铜基电镀铝层阳极氧化后的组织和性能研究

采用直流草酸法对镀铝层进行阳极氧化,研究了氧化电压和氧化时间对氧化层表面形貌、组织结构及表面绝缘性的影响。采用金相显微镜对镀铝层和氧化层表面形貌进行观察,扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析镀铝层和氧化层的成分与结构,并对其硬度进行测试,探索钨铜箔片上制备氧化铝的最佳工艺。实验现象表明:经过阳极氧化处理后,氧化层表面致密平滑,由非晶Al2O3和Al相组成,电绝缘性能良好;氧化铝膜的硬度随着氧化时间呈现先增加后降低,最后趋于稳定的趋势;而氧化铝膜的硬度随着氧化电压增大而增大。当氧化电压控制在30 V,氧化时间在3-6 h时,最有利于氧化膜的形成,且膜厚呈增大趋势。     

桂花木质部导管分子形态学研究

运用离析和显微观测的方法,对桂花枝条木质部导管分子形态特征进行了研究.研究表明:桂花1至3年生枝条具多种类型的导管分子,主要类型为环纹和孔纹导管分子;大多数导管分子具有尾状结构,一端具尾或两端具尾,无尾导管分子较少;导管分子穿孔板类型为单穿孔,大多数穿孔板倾斜31°⁶0°;金桂与丹桂导管分子形态特征无明显差别,1至3年生枝条导管长度平均444.86μm,直径平均31.13μm,长度和直径随枝龄的增加而增大.     

石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构表征及分形性质分析

 
为了研究和分析石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构和分形性质,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、全自动物理吸附分析仪对其进行测试与表征.研究结果表明：石墨纤维以圆柱状存在,直径约为12～18μm,表面较光滑,缺陷较少,有利于气体吸附;石墨纤维碳的质量分数约为95.86%,还含有少量的N、H、O、S和微量的Ca、Fe、Mg、Si、Al等元素,生产过程中留下的孔道不多;石墨纤维的比表面积较大,其微孔体积占总孔体积的97.98%,平均孔径在微孔区域,且孔径分布较窄,包含大量0.84nm左右和少量1.21nm左右的微孔,较丰富的微孔结构使其具有良好的吸附性能;石墨纤维的表面与孔隙具有较好的分形特性,分形维数分别为2.11和2.99,是一种有工业前景的吸附材料.     

Cr_2AlC颗粒增强Cu基复合材料的制备与性能表征

采用热压烧结方法制备以三元层状碳化物陶瓷Cr2AlC为增强相的Cu-Cr2AlC复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和光学显微镜研究复合材料的物相组成和组织形貌;利用维氏硬度仪和万能试验机测试其维氏硬度和抗拉力学性能;利用扫描电镜观察样品拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,当Cr2AlC的体积分数为20%时增强效果最佳,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到230和315MPa;Cu基体晶粒细化及增强颗粒与基体之间良好的界面结合是材料强化的主要原因.