The Safety First Assessment Intervention: A Whole Family Approach for Young People with High Risk Mental Health Presentations

The following article provides a comprehensive guide to the clinical implementation of the Safety First Assessment Intervention (SFAI). The SFAI is a systemised, whole family approach for young people with high‐risk issues presenting in a mental health crisis. It is underpinned by the Safety First Model (Bickerton et al., 2007 ) and promotes community‐based care. The SFAI operationalises the foundation levels of the Safety First Model (SFM) through a highly structured clinical process. It draws on family systems theory, predominantly the work of Bowen ( 1978 ), to conceptualise distress through a multi‐generational systems lens and to prioritise the young person's natural support system (their family, friends, school and community) as their key resource. The SFAI engages this natural support system and facilitates open communication about symptoms, distress, safety and risk. This promotes a shared understanding of the key issues in a relational context and forms the basis of collaborative risk management. Thus, a system of safety emerges prioritising the family's role in optimising the young person's community‐based recovery. The need for pharmacotherapy and hospitalisation is therefore minimised. The article includes background theory, an outline of the structured assessment intervention and clinical techniques, including strategies for complex family situations. Specific strategies are illustrated with fictional vignettes. The work is based on the authors' accumulated experiences of working with young people and their families and carers in an acute Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) for over a decade.     

A population-level metric for gambling-related harm

Prior estimates of the population-level impact of gambling have relied on economic costings. Recent work has derived disability weights for the Problem Gambling Severity Index, which measure per-person impact of gambling on quality of life on a scale of zero to one. This provided scope for the present study to calculate the ‘burden of gambling harm’, which captures the aggregate impact of harms arising from gambling on quality of life in a population. Gambling-related harm was associated with 101,675 years of life lost in Victoria, Australia: approximately two-thirds that of alcohol use and dependence, and major depressive disorder. Problem gamblers suffer more individually (disability weight = .44) compared to those in moderate (.29) and low (.13) risk categories. Nevertheless, moderate and low-risk gamblers account for 85% of population-level harm, due to greater prevalence of these groups. Overall, the scale of gambling-related harm is large relative to other significant health issues, with milder yet non-negligible harm accruing to a relatively broad segment of the gambling population. The article suggests that the tendency to conflate the (typically low) prevalence of problem gambling with total gambling impact is misleading, and argues for a broader population-health based measure.     

Analysis of EGM licensing decisions by the gambling regulator,Victoria, Australia

Gambling expansion is commonly justified in public discourse by claims of community benefit, increased employment and capital investment. Compared to other jurisdictions, the Electronic Gambling Machine (EGM) license process in Victoria, Australia, is relatively transparent and amenable to analysis. This article describes research that assessed factors relevant to EGM license decisions made by Victoria’s gambling regulator between 2007 and 2014. During the period under review, the regulator granted 144 of 154 applications, finding that approving these applications would not be detrimental to relevant communities. Most commonly cited factors supporting approvals were commitments to undertake capital works, contribute to community purposes and increase employment. The regulator overwhelmingly agreed that supportive factors would balance harms, such as problem gambling, high levels of expenditure or socio-economic disadvantage. This research demonstrates the difficulty of balancing apparently quantifiable benefits against less readily measurable gambling-related harms in regulatory decision-making. The study found that harms were poorly conceived and understood inadequately and supportive factors frequently overstated. This process may lead to unnecessarily high levels of community harm, contradicting the purposes of the relevant legislation. The article suggests that better, more consistently applied principles are required to ensure the more rigorous scrutiny of supportive factors and improved understanding of gambling harms.     

苏联解体的历史虚无主义之因

苏联解体中历史虚无主义的表现形式是,否定包括十月革命在内的苏共历史、全盘否定斯大林、抹黑苏共创始人列宁；苏联解体中历史虚无主义的危害机制是,通过瓦解主流意识形态扰乱人们的思想、通过否定社会主义制度颠覆人们的价值追求、通过质疑共产主义信仰侵蚀人们的精神支柱；苏联解体中历史虚无主义的支持力量是,全盘否定斯大林的赫鲁晓夫、推行“新思维”的戈尔巴乔夫、西方“和平演变”的反动势力。     

Punitive benefit sanctions,welfare conditionality,and the social abuse of unemployed people in Britain: Transforming claimants into offenders?

A defining feature of U.K. welfare reform since 2010 has been the concerted move towards greater compulsion and sanctioning, which has been interpreted by some social policy scholars as punitive and cruel. In this article, we borrow concepts from criminology and sociology to develop new interpretations of welfare conditionality. Based on data from a major Economic and Social Research Council-funded qualitative longitudinal study (2014–2019), we document the suffering that unemployed claimants experienced because of harsh conditionality. We find that punitive welfare conditionality often caused symbolic and material suffering and sometimes had life-threatening effects. We argue that a wide range of suffering induced by welfare conditionality can be understood as ‘social abuse’, including the demoralisation of the futile job-search treadwheel and the self-administered surveillance of the Universal Jobmatch panopticon. We identify a range of active claimant responses to state perpetrated harm, including acquiescence, adaptation, resistance, and disengagement. We conclude that punitive post-2010 unemployment correction can be seen as a reinvention of failed historic forms of punishment for offenders.     

试论网络婚姻及其法律规制

网络婚姻是以网络为媒介构成的一种婚姻关系。文章认为,网络婚姻具有虚拟性、非伦理性和非道德性、非对称性和便利性等特点,网络婚姻与传统婚姻在构成要件、存在方式、程序、本质等几方面存在较大差异,网络婚姻无论对成年人还是未成年人都有相当大的危害。因此,在网络婚姻的法律规制及管理方面,要完善现行《婚姻法》的相关规定,要完善相关离婚案件及离婚损害赔偿的法律规制,要强化对网络婚姻的社会管理和约束。     

EDITORIAL

Although a contested concept, there is a growing awareness of the phenomenon of deliberate self‐harm (DSH) in the UK, and particularly of self‐injury by adolescents. Trends in the prevalence of DSH have been monitored, and schools have been used as a means for gathering self‐reported data from pupils, but to‐date there is no known research on the way self‐harm is perceived and responded to by schools and the agencies to which they refer. This paper reports a Nuffield Foundation‐funded project which examined the experiences and perceptions of DSH of 34 teachers and others in support and clinical roles. The report includes data on the range and prevalence of self‐harming behaviours encountered; levels of awareness amongst school staff; teachers' reactions to DSH; links between schools and other agencies (including CAMHS); and levels of training, support and supervision for teachers and others responding to DSH in school settings. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings, including the potential for CAMHS, social workers and other agencies to provide crucial training and support to ‘front‐line workers’ in schools.     

大学生网络游戏成瘾的危害性分析

随着互联网的快速发展,网络游戏为越来越多的人所接受。大学生是一个特殊的网络游戏玩家群体,是我国网络游戏玩家的"主力军",网络游戏成瘾的问题在大学生中表现得十分突出。由于过度沉迷于网络游戏而导致其身体、心理以及家庭问题相继出现,并逐渐成为一种社会问题。     

简论经济新闻报道中的视角错位现象

经济报道的视角主要是由媒体的功能定位及其由功能定位所确定的受众定位和编辑方针决定的。媒体各有定位,视角应该各有不同。然而,纵观当前的经济新闻报道,却常常出现视角定位不当的错位现象。本文探讨了错位现象产生的原因、对媒体的危害和克服错位现象的应对策略。