转型经济中的权力寻租问题探析

权力寻租,是利用公共权力谋取私利的行为,是经济人趋利动机与权力滥用相结合的产物。在我国由计划经济向市场经济转型的过程中,由于双重体制的并存及制度的不完善,为权力寻租提供了生存的土壤和条件,并滋生了大量的腐败现象,给社会经济造成了巨大的危害。针对权力寻租产生的原因,转型经济中治理权力寻租的相应对策主要是:转变政府职能,建立有限政府、法治政府、服务型政府,深化经济体制改革,建立租金消散机制。     

Significant harm and children's experiences of domestic violence

This is the first of two papers concerning children and domestic violence, both of which draw on findings from a Department of Health commissioned study of children suffering or likely to suffer significant harm. This paper discusses the ways in which children appear to be harmed by witnessing violence between their parents or parental figures. A brief review is offered of the literature concerning the developmental and behavioural effects on children who have lived with domestic violence. Selected findings from the research study are then discussed. Out of a cohort of 105 maltreated or neglected children, 49 were discovered to be regularly witnessing violence between parents at home. The emotional, social and behavioural effects on 28 children who were studied in detail are presented, through three case studies. Examples are offered of the way in which professionals overlook, discount or downgrade the harm to the child from this hostility. The emotional impact on the child of living with domestic violence rarely forms part of the assessment of significant harm made at the child protection conference; nor does it feature in subsequent plans to protect the child.     

Child protection revisited: balancing state intervention and family autonomy through social work processes

This paper explores selected findings from a qualitative study of the 1989 Children Act, which examined ways in which the new definitions of significant harm were being interpreted in practice. Significant harm is seen as a major site where state intervention and family autonomy are balanced, especially through establishing thresholds for intervention. The data are analysed in relation to the social work processes of assessment, intervention and evaluation. These are seen as a series of interactions between families and practitioners, in which goals are identified, methods used and resources mobilized. Key decisions and levels of change address the paramountry of the child's welfare. These processes are also under-pinned by new legislative requirements. The practitioners displayed their professionalism during a period of transition and change. Social work processes facilitated non-judgemental practices which empowered the families in the difficult circumstances of their lives. The paper concludes that balancing state intervention and family autonomy requires social work of a high order and a profound understanding of complex issues.     

我国死亡赔偿金的赔偿标准研究

死亡赔偿金的赔偿标准是死亡赔偿问题的焦点。我国现行的死亡赔偿标准存在不公平、可操作性差等缺陷。要完善死亡赔偿金的赔偿标准必须在平等、合理、公平和便于操作的原则下,以死者生前住所地平均生活水平为基准,不考虑年龄差异,适当考虑对精神损害有影响的其他因素和赔偿人的经济能力。在条件允许的情况下,最高人民法院或者各省、自治区和直辖市的高级人民法院可出台最高和最低赔偿死亡赔偿限制金额。     

城市固体废弃物——生活垃圾处理技术发展方向

本文详细论述了生活垃圾危害性和目前生活垃圾处理技术优缺点 ,并指出了今后的发展方向。     

The ‘virtuous’ cycle of parental empowerment: Partnering with parents to safeguard young people from exploitation

When young people are sexually exploited, parents and professionals alike can feel uncertain about how to balance the need to protect the child's rights to agency and autonomy while also reducing the risk of harm. Despite the shared interest in keeping young people safe, there remains a substantial gap in the research literature about how practitioners engage parents to increase capacity to safeguard their children, particularly within the context of a child protection system ill-equipped to address forms of extrafamilial harm such as child sexual exploitation. This paper aims to contribute to understanding how professionals effectively engage parents by drawing upon evidence from research evaluations of two programmes in rural/urban North and urban South locations in England, both providing specialist support to parents/carers of sexually exploited children and young people. Through interrogating elements of effective support work evidenced across both programmes, a set of emerging key themes are presented, proposing that parent support and engagement can create a ‘virtuous’ cycle, whereby families are strengthened and are better able to protect their children from sexual exploitation and other forms of extrafamilial harm.     

Adolescents' Retributive and Restorative Orientations in Response to Intergroup Harms in Schools

This mixed-methods study examined how adolescents understand and evaluate different ways to address intergroup harms in schools. In individual interviews, 77 adolescents (M age = 16.49 years; 39 girls, 38 boys) in Bogotá, Colombia, responded to hypothetical vignettes wherein a rival group at school engaged in a transgression against their group. Adolescents reported that students who were harmed should and would talk to school authorities, but also noted they would likely retaliate. In terms of teacher-sanctioned responses to harm, youth endorsed compensation most strongly, followed by apologies, and rated suspension least positively. Youths' explanations for their endorsement of different disciplinary practices reflected varied concerns, including their perceptions of how justice is best achieved and how restoration could be attained.