Experimental study on CO2 capture conditions of a fluidized bed limestone decomposition reactor

In this study, the decomposition conditions of limestone particles (0.25-0.50 mm) for CO₂ capture in a steam dilution atmosphere (20-100% steam in CO₂) were investigated by using a continuously operating fluidized bed reactor. The results show that the decomposition conversion of limestone increased with the steam dilution percentage in the CO₂ supply gas. At a bed temperature of 920 °C, the conversions were 72% without steam dilution and 98% with 60% steam dilution. The conversion was 99% with 100% steam dilution at 850 °C of the bed temperature. Steam dilution can decrease not only the decomposition temperature of limestone, but also the residence time required for nearly complete decomposition of CaCO₃. The hydration and carbonation reactivities of the CaO produced were also tested and the results show that both the reactivities increased with the steam dilution percentage for decomposing limestone.     

坦克实施冲淡干扰的模型构建及效能评估

针对当前MMW末制导对坦克的威胁,结合冲淡干扰原理,分析了对MMW末制导导弹实施冲淡干扰的基本条件,构建了诱饵雷达反射截面积模型、空间位置分布模型及坦克规避决策模型,并对其效能进行了评估。最后,以实例的形式结合典型战术应用背景,分析了冲淡干扰对抗毫米波末制导导弹的可行性。结果表明坦克采用冲淡干扰手段对抗MMW末制导导弹是有效、可行的。     

高浓啤酒稀释工艺效益分析

高沈啤酒稀释工艺是指糖化的高浓麦汁在发酵前或发酵后，与定量的无菌脱氧水混合至所需浓度的啤酒生产工艺。该工艺生产的啤酒清爽、口感纯正、杀口力强，非生物稳定性高，工艺、质量便于控制；可大幅度降低水、电、煤的消耗；提高设备利用率和劳动生产率，提高产量15％－50％。其缺点：（1）糖化收得率低；（2）成品CO2含量偏低；（3）溶解氧控制不好，易造成啤酒老化味；（4）必须控制稀释水中各离子含量。（孙悟）     

OptiFlo白水稀释流浆箱的结构与控制

介绍了VALMET公司OptiFlo白水稀释流浆箱的结构及其构件的功能，流浆箱各控制参数对成纸质量的影响，横幅定量控制系统，流浆箱的生产运行。     

液相色谱串联质谱-同位素内标法快速测定 玉米面中的伏马菌毒素

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)以同时测定玉米中3种伏马菌素(FB1,FB2 and FB3)。方法试样经50%乙腈/水溶液超声提取,离心,多功能柱净化后液相色谱/串联质谱仪直接测定,13C34-FBs内标法定量。结果加标回收率范围为75.9%~108.2%,方法检测限在0.39~0.58μg/kg之间。将本方法用于实际样品分析,67%的玉米面中同时检出3种伏马菌素(FB1,FB2 and FB3)。结论此方法简便快速,灵敏度较高,可以用于准确定量检测粮食中的伏马菌素。     

同位素稀释-超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法测定 维生素营养液中的泛酸含量

目的 建立测定维生素营养液中泛酸含量的同位素稀释-超高压液相色谱串联质谱法(ID-UHPLC-MS/MS)。方法 样品经高氯酸水溶液涡旋提取和除杂、超纯水稀释后,以HSS T3色谱柱和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-乙腈进行梯度洗脱分离,以串联质谱的多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果 泛酸在5 ~1000 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R₂)为0.9998;方法检出限为0.02 mg/100 g,定量限为0.07 mg/100 g;3个添加水平的回收率为92.5%~103%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.3%~5.2%;日间相对标准偏差(n=3)为2.72%。结论 本方法操作简便、分析速度快、灵敏度高、重复性好,为维生素营养液中泛酸含量的定性定量分析提供了可靠的依据。     

大型火电机组SCR脱硝系统现场调试若干关键问题研究及应用

针对某电厂1、2、3号锅炉选择性催化还原法（selective catalytic reduction,SCR）脱硝系统现场调试过程中遇到的技术难题,进行了研究并得到工程应用。分析了稀释风机联锁保护、氨–空气混合器关断阀的联锁保护、供氨调节阀自动控制等方面存在的技术难题,并提出相应的解决方法。主要结论如下：氨–空气混合器前关断阀应加入到联锁保护逻辑中;为防止当供氨压力低时,如果供氨管道上逆止阀工作不正常则可能存在稀释风向供氨管道内倒灌空气而引起不安全因素,在氨–空气混合器关断阀的联锁保护关闭条件中添加此项逻辑联锁保护条件;脱硝系统自动控制以跟踪出口NOx 含量为依据,建议运行人员在脱硝系统满足环保投运要求的条件下,尽量根据入口NOx 含量变化情况及时调整系统脱硝率,减少出现脱硝率过高的情况。     

Analysis and characterization of aroma‐active compounds of Schizandra chinensis (omija) leaves

Volatile components from leaves of Schizandra chinensis (omija), a native plant of Korea, were extracted by simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) using two types of capillary column with different polarities (DB‐5MS and DB‐Wax). The GC‐MS analysis of volatile compounds obtained by SDE revealed that germacrene D is the most abundant compound (22.6%) in omija leaves, followed by β‐elemene (17.4%), (E)‐2‐hexenal (8.7%), and (E)‐β‐ocimene (7.2%). Aroma‐active compounds were determined by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) using the aroma‐extract‐dilution analysis method. (E,Z)‐2,6‐Nonadienal (cucumber) was the most intense aroma‐active compound due to its higher flavor‐dilution factor (243–729) than any other compound. (Z)‐3‐Hexenal (green/apple), (E)‐2‐hexenal (green/fruity), and (E)‐β‐ocimene (wither green/grass) were also identified as important aroma‐active compounds by GC‐O. In addition, the volatile compounds were extracted by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), and the quantitative analysis of the SPME samples gave slightly different results, depending on the type of SPME fiber, compared with those from SDE, However, the aroma‐active compounds identified in SPME were similar to those in SDE. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of the most odour-active volatiles in different hop varieties by application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis

Application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis on the volatiles isolated from five different hops (Hallertau Perle, Hallertau Hersbrucker Spät, Slowenian Golding, Hallertau Smaragd, US Cascade) revealed linalool and myrcene with the highest Flavour Dilution (FD)-factors in all varieties, followed by 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 3-methylbutanoic acid and geraniol. Some odourants, however, showed high FD-factors only in certain varieties, for example, (5Z)-octa-1,5-dien-3-one and germacrene B in Hersbrucker Spät, (3E,5Z)-undeca-1,3,5-triene in Hersbrucker Spät and Cascade and nonanal in Cascade. The overall odour profile of the Cascade sample clearly differed from the other varietes, and was dominated by a black currant like odour note. The identification experiments revealed 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one, so far unknown as hop constituent, as key contributor to this odour. In addition, an odour-active undecatetraene was present, in particular, in Perle and Cascade. Synthesis and structural assignment of the four stereoisomers of (3E)-undeca-1,3,5,9-tetraene allowed the identification of the fresh, pineapple-like smelling compound as (3E,5Z,9E)-undeca-1,3,5,9-tetraene. Among the four isomers synthesised, this compound showed by far the lowest odour threshold of 0.01 ng/L in air.     

C-反应蛋白纯品的同位素稀释质谱法测定与国际比对

建立了C-反应蛋白的液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱检测方法。作为C-反应蛋白纯品标准物质的潜在定值方法,选取同位素标记亮氨酸和缬氨酸为内标,重量法与待测样品准确混合。利用Zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱分离,电喷雾三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测模式(MRM)测定。对样品的测定不确定度进行计算与分析,测得结果为（41.5±0.9） mmol/kg。利用该方法参加了基于中、日、韩三国计量院合作框架下的国际比对,并取得了比对结果的等效一致。