T字型三维机织物设计及其复合材料弯曲性能

为探究不同梁高的T 字型三维整体机织复合材料的弯曲力学性质,经合理设计,使用玄武岩长丝束在普通小样织机上,低成本织造3 种不同梁高的T 字型三维整体机织物,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺,制备Ｔ 字型三维整体机织复合材料。用电子万能试验机测试,得到相应的载荷位移曲线和吸收能量位移曲线。由实验结果可知,梁越高的T 型三维整体机织复合材料所承受的载荷和吸收的能量也越高,且不同梁高的T 型三维整体机织复合材料也表现出不同的弯曲破坏模式。该研究结果表明,梁高对T 字型三维整体机织复合材料的弯曲载荷、吸能和破坏模式影响显著。     

吉林白山地区玄武岩中宝石矿床成矿特征

白山市矿产资源丰富,宝石矿床种类繁多,具有十分重要的研究价值及经济意义.本文仅对碱性玄武岩中宝石矿床产出的构造背景及相关联的蓝宝石、橄榄石矿床的形成条件、特征及成矿规律进行探讨.     

如何保证水泥稳定多孔玄武岩碎石基层的压实效果

该文针对水泥稳定多孔玄武岩碎石基层试验段施工中出现的压实质量问题,分析了多孔玄武岩碎石的材质性质、混合料的配比设计、碾压机具组合、水泥凝结时间的控制、现场施工组织管理等,提出相应的施工组织措施,并通过施工实践验证,达到了良好的压实效果。     

多孔玄武岩沥青混合料配合比设计方案

沥青混合料配合比设计中关于最大理论相对密度的计算,新规范中引进矿料的有效相对密度,考虑材料的吸水率。关于高吸水性多孔玄武岩配合比设计中体积指标的测算,更易出现不满足规范要求的问题。采用多孔玄武岩石料,通过标准马歇尔击实试验及试件体积参数的计算,探讨多孔玄武岩混合料配合比设计中体积参数获取时击实功的选择,确保数据的准确性并满足规范要求。     

玄武岩纤维增强沥青混凝土高温稳定性分析

文中对表征沥青胶浆的高温指标（动态剪切流变试验的车辙因子、重复蠕变试验的累计应变）与表征沥青混合料高温指标（车辙试验的动稳定度和动态蠕变试验的累计应变）进行了相关性分析。     

Phreatomagmatic volcanic hazards where rift-systems meet the sea, a study from Ambae Island, Vanuatu

Ambae Island is a mafic stratovolcano located in the northern Vanuatu volcanic arc and has a NE–SW rift-controlled elongated shape. Several hundred scoria cones and fissure-fed lava fields occur along its long axis. After many decades of quiescence, Ambae Island erupted on the 28th of November 2005, disrupting the lives of its 10,000 inhabitants. Its activity remained focused at the central (crater-lake filled) vent and this is where hazard-assessments were focused. These assessments initially neglected that maars, tephra cones and rings occur at each tip of the island where the eruptive activity occurred < 500 and < 300 yr B.P. The products of this explosive phreatomagmatic activity are located where the rift axis meets the sea. At the NE edge of the island five tephra rings occur, each comparable in size to those on the summit of Ambae. Along the NE coastline, a near-continuous cliff section exposes an up to 25 m thick succession of near-vent phreatomagmatic tephra units derived from closely spaced vents. This can be subdivided into two major lithofacies associations. The first association represents when the locus of explosions was below sea level and comprises matrix-supported, massive to weakly stratified beds of coarse ash and lapilli. These are dominant in the lowermost part of the sequence and commonly contain coral fragments, indicating that the loci of explosion were located within a reef or coral sediment near the syn-eruptive shoreline. The second type indicate more stable vent conditions and rapidly repeating explosions of high intensity, producing fine-grained tephra with undulatory bedding and cross-lamination as well as megaripple bedforms. These surge and fall beds are more common in the uppermost part of the succession and form a few-m-thick pile. An older tephra succession of similar character occurs below, and buried trees in growth position, as well as those flattened within base surge beds. This implies that the centre of this eruption was very near the coastline. The processes implied by these deposits are amongst the most violent forms of volcanism on this island. In addition, the lowland and coastal areas affected by these events are the most heavily populated. This circumstance is mirrored on many similar volcanic islands, including the nearby SW Pacific examples of Taveuni (Fiji), Upolu and Savai'i (Samoa), and Ambrym (Vanuatu). These locations are paradoxically often considered safe areas during summit/central-vent eruptions, simply because they are farthest from the central sources of ash-fall and lahar hazard. The observations presented here necessitate a revision of this view.     

粉土路基坡面复合面层护坡技术的面层材料特性

针对粉土路基边坡的坡面冲刷破坏和分层滑移破坏特征,提出一种融合玄武岩纤维加筋与聚丙烯酰胺固化作用,并集植草、抗冲刷、增稳多种功效的粉土路基坡面复合面层护坡技术。根据复合面层中不同面层的防护机制,开展对应面层材料的直剪试验、淋滤质量损失试验、渗透试验和毛细水上升试验,通过讨论面层材料中玄武岩纤维加筋量、筋长、聚丙烯酰胺掺量的变化与对应面层材料剪切变形、剪切强度、质量损失比、渗透系数、入渗量的关系规律,从材料角度分析获得玄武岩纤维的相对经济掺量、筋长与聚丙烯酰胺的相对经济配比及其对应材料指标。试验结果表明：复合面层材料相对粉土强度提高80%~150%,抗冲刷性能提高约200%,抗渗性提高约3个数量级;面层材料相对经济的配合比大致为玄武岩纤维筋长12 mm、掺量0.4%,聚丙烯酰胺掺量1%;面层材料大幅改善了原粉土的强度、变形性能、抗冲刷性与抗渗性,3层复合面层材料将减少入渗、削弱侵蚀、提高强度3种功能融为一体。     

玄武岩纤维在沥青混合料中的作用机理

玄武岩纤维具有较高的强度和弹性模量,与沥青和集料有较好的亲和力,在混合料中分散性好。为分析其在沥青混合料中的作用机理,对玄武岩纤维沥青胶结料进行动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和表观粘度试验,并利用浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验来评价纤维对沥青混合料水稳定性的改善效果,采用动态蠕变试验及车辙试验研究纤维对混合料高温抗剪切性能的提高作用。试验结果表明：在SBS原沥青中加入玄武岩纤维后,纤维胶浆的抗车辙因子值得到显著提高,其表观粘度曲线随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加呈上升趋势;玄武岩纤维沥青混合料的稳定度和浸水马歇尔稳定度值明显增大,且随着纤维掺量的增加而递增;玄武岩纤维的加入显著提高了动态蠕变试验沥青混合料的流变次数,其对混合料动稳定度有明显的增强作用。     

吉林通化地区光华岩群斜长角闪岩变质作用特征及其构造意义

位于华北板块北缘的吉林通化地区光华岩群双庙岩组地层中存在一套斜长角闪岩,其是构成前寒武纪变质基底的主要变质岩之一。该斜长角闪岩的原岩主要为亚碱性玄武岩,可能形成于岛弧构造环境。该斜长角闪岩共经历了3个阶段变质作用,分别为进变质阶段、峰期变质阶段、退变质阶段。进变质阶段矿物组合为石榴石₁+普通角闪石₁+斜长石₁(An牌号为13~16)+石英（Gt₁+Hbl₁+Pl₁+Q）,温度和压力范围分别为544 ℃~555 ℃和4.7~5.2 kbar;峰期变质阶段矿物组合为石榴石₂+普通角闪石₂+ 斜长石₂(An牌号为28~31)+钛铁矿₂+黑云母₂+石英（Gt₂+Hbl₂+Pl₂+Ilm₂+Bt₂+Q）,温度和压力范围分别为655 ℃~673 ℃和8.1~8.8 kbar;退变质阶段矿物组合为石榴石₃+绿泥石+直闪石+普通角闪石₃+黑云母₃+钛铁矿₃+斜长石₃(Au牌号为16~18)+石英（Gt₃+Chl+Ath+Hbl₃+Bt₃+Ilm₃+Pl₃+Q）,温度和压力范围分别为546 ℃~557 ℃和7.9~8.3 kbar。斜长角闪岩的变质演化过程呈现为近等压冷却(IBC)型的逆时针变质作用压力（P）-温度（T）轨迹。该地区经历了从太古宙—古元古代原大洋→碰撞造山→造山后拉伸→岩浆底侵作用的构造演化过程。     

短切玄武岩纤维对磷石膏抗折强度影响研究

研究了掺加短切玄武岩纤维对磷石膏抗折强度的影响,分析了短切玄武岩纤维增强磷石膏的机理,通过SEM手段对玄武岩纤维-磷石膏界面进行了研究。结果表明,短切玄武岩纤维增强磷石膏效果明显,随着短切玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,增强效果趋于稳定,长度为6 mm短切玄武岩纤维比12 mm纤维效果更好。6 mm短切玄武岩纤维掺量为1.6%时增强效果趋于稳定,2 h和绝干抗折强度分别达到7.5 MPa和15.2MPa,相较空白组提高115%和85%。经过盐酸刻蚀处理后的6 mm短切玄武岩纤维增强效果更好,在最佳掺量1.4%时,原料遇水后2 h和绝干抗折强度分别达到8.3 MPa和17.0 MPa,较空白组提高137%和107%。短切玄武岩纤维磷石膏复合材料的破坏形式主要是基体断裂和纤维拔出,玄武岩纤维与磷石膏结合机理主要是磷石膏基体和短切玄武岩纤维之间的机械锁合和化学结合。