高镍球铁同质电焊条焊缝组织形成规律

针对铸铁在焊接过程中焊缝易产生白口、裂纹和淬硬组织等技术难题.采用自制高镍球铁同质电焊条,探索了高镍球铁同质焊缝组织形成规律及其与接头力学性能的相关性.结果表明,焊缝组织由分枝细小的柱状奥氏体枝晶+球状石墨+少量晶间碳化物组成.焊接电流的增大使焊缝中柱状晶变得粗壮,石墨球化率升高,晶间碳化物数量增多.当焊接电流一定时,随着预热温度的增大,石墨形态变差,碳化物数量增多,接头抗拉强度减小而硬度增大.采用大电流不预热焊接工艺可以获得综合性能优良的铸铁同质焊缝.     

金刚石表面真空镀镍的工艺探讨

目的探讨金刚石表面真空镀镍的影响因素及其在电镀金刚石线上应用的可行性。方法采用不同的镍源及EDTA二钠、有机酸、氧化铝,按照不同的配比配制镀液,在720℃、真空度6×10?2 Pa条件下镀覆,保温2.5h,通过粒度分析、快速振动球磨机、能谱分析、三维数字显微镜、磁性测试、镀层快速腐蚀测试等表征手段,探讨不同的工艺对金刚石表面镀层性能的影响。结果镀覆后,金刚石中心粒径D50和峰宽(峰宽D95-D5,中心粒径D50是粒度分布曲线中累积分布为50%时的最大颗粒的等效直径,D5、D95分别是分布曲线中累积分布为5%、95%时的最大颗粒的等效直径)随着氯化镍含量的增加而增大,随着EDTA二钠含量的增加而减小。有机酸对镀覆反应的促进为:柠檬酸氯乙酸乳酸。通过真空镀镍获得的镀层表面为镍金属层,具有磁性。金刚石的强度没有受到石墨化的影响而下降,镀层与金刚石之间结合较为牢固,且耐酸液腐蚀性能远好于化学镀镍。以氯化镍为镍源的真空镀镍金刚石,采用埋砂法在电镀金刚石线设备进行上砂测试,在10m/min的走线速度下,0.4mm长度钢线表面的金刚石约60颗,约为化学镀镍金刚石上砂颗粒数的30%。结论通过真空镀覆方式能够在金刚石表面沉积金属镍层,经初步测试,可以在电镀金刚石线中使用。     

超声复合磁力研磨异型管参数优化设计及分析

目的改善镍基合金异型管表面质量,降低表面粗糙度。方法在内置辅助磁极磁力研磨基础上添加轴向超声振动,促使磁力研磨粒子对管件内表面进行轴向划擦、刻划作用。采用响应面法对试验进行3因素3水平方法设计,建立参数优化三维数学模型,分析超声频率、超声振幅、主轴转速在两因素交互作用下,对异型管内壁表面质量、表面粗糙度的影响,并得出试验最佳参数组合。结果响应面法优化设计在超声频率19 kHz、超声振幅19μm、主轴转速1200 r/min条件下的加工效果最佳。在优化工艺参数下进行超声复合磁力研磨试验,加工30 min后,管件内壁表面粗糙度由原始2.4μm降至0.31μm,管件内表面残余拉应力由+49MPa转变为残余压应力?47MPa。结论在内置辅助磁极磁力研磨基础上添加超声轴向振动,使得研磨粒子翻滚加剧,研磨轨迹复杂化,有效改善了管件内壁表面粗糙度和表面加工质量。响应面法能够对试验结果进行优化参数数学建模设计,拟合出了最佳的加工参数组合,良好的应力状态有效地提高了工件的疲劳强度。     

应变路径变化对纯镍组织和织构的影响

采用背散射电子衍射（EBSD）和X射线衍射（XRD）技术对比分析了两种应变方式（单向轧制和交叉轧制）对大变形量（厚度方向压下量90%）纯镍形变组织和织构以及随后热处理过程中组织和织构演变的影响。结果表明：单向与交叉轧制纯镍的形变微观组织均以层片状组织为主,但前者储存能高于后者;单向轧制纯镍的宏观织构是典型的铜型冷轧织构,而交叉轧制纯镍的主要织构组分是黄铜和旋转型黄铜织构,且前者的织构强度明显高于后者。对两种方式形变样品在不同温度下进行退火处理,发现单向轧制样品中形成了以立方织构为主的再结晶织构,且随着退火温度的升高,立方织构的强度逐渐增强;而交叉轧制样品则形成了弱的再结晶纤维织构,其强度远小于单向轧制样品的再结晶织构强度。另外,单向轧制样品在高温800°C保温处理后,出现了少量异常长大晶粒,这是由于取向相近的立方取向晶粒聚集形成团簇,使得微观取向分布不均匀造成的;而交叉轧制方式可以抑制热处理过程中的晶粒异常长大。     

Extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte by calcified roasting−acid leaching process

A calcified roasting−acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H₂SO₄ concentration and liquid−solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe₂O₃ during the roasting process. The metal oxides (CuO and Ni_xCu_1−xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.     

Improved Bioactivity of Antimicrobial Peptides by Addition of Amino‐Terminal Copper and Nickel (ATCUN) Binding Motifs

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates to help circumvent antibiotic resistance, which is an increasing clinical problem. Amino‐terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motifs are known to actively form reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon metal binding. The combination of these two peptidic constructs could lead to a novel class of dual‐acting antimicrobial agents. To test this hypothesis, a set of ATCUN binding motifs were screened for their ability to induce ROS formation, and the most potent were then used to modify AMPs with different modes of action. ATCUN binding motif‐containing derivatives of anoplin (GLLKRIKTLL‐NH₂), pro‐apoptotic peptide (PAP; KLAKLAKKLAKLAK‐NH₂), and sh‐buforin (RAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK‐NH₂) were synthesized and found to be more active than the parent AMPs against a panel of clinically relevant bacteria. The lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the ATCUN–anoplin peptides are attributed to the higher pore‐forming activity along with their ability to cause ROS‐induced membrane damage. The addition of the ATCUN motifs to PAP also increases its ability to disrupt membranes. DNA damage is the major contributor to the activity of the ATCUN–sh‐buforin peptides. Our findings indicate that the addition of ATCUN motifs to AMPs is a simple strategy that leads to AMPs with higher antibacterial activity and possibly to more potent, usable antibacterial agents.     

几种品牌硫酸镍的电镀镍性能对比性研究

通过赫尔槽试验、偏转法、安时法等多种方法,测试了国内外市场上6种品牌硫酸镍所得镀镍层外观、内应力,镀液的电流效率、分散能力、整平能力及覆盖能力等性能,并进行对比。结果显示,金柯生产硫酸镍产生的针孔少于其它品牌,配制镀液无需预处理即可进行直接生产,其瓦特镍液获取镀层内应力最小,镀液分散能力、整平能力、覆盖能力和电流效率稍优于其它品牌硫酸镍。     

Nickel Nanoparticles Exposure and Reproductive Toxicity in Healthy Adult Rats

Nickel is associated with reproductive toxicity. However, the reproductive toxicity of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) is unclear. Our goal was to determine the association between nickel nanoparticle exposure and reproductive toxicity. According to the one-generation reproductive toxicity standard, rats were exposed to nickel nanoparticles by gavage and we selected indicators including sex hormone levels, sperm motility, histopathology, and reproductive outcome etc. Experimental results showed nickel nanoparticles increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and lowered etradiol (E₂) serum levels at a dose of 15 and 45 mg/kg in female rats. Ovarian lymphocytosis, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increase in apoptotic cells were found in ovary tissues in exposure groups. For male rats, the weights decreased gradually, the ratio of epididymis weight over body weight increased, the motility of rat sperm changed, and the levels of FSH and testosterone (T) diminished. Pathological results showed the shedding of epithelial cells of raw seminiferous tubule, disordered arrangement of cells in the tube, and the appearance of cell apoptosis and death in the exposure group. At the same time, Ni NPs resulted in a change of the reproductive index and the offspring development of rats. Further research is needed to elucidate exposure to human populations and mechanism of actions.     

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

The use of low‐rank coal in a clean and efficient manner is a major challenge facing the current coal technology. A high‐sulfur coal with 4.5 wt% sulfur is chosen to examine the compatibility of the pristine coal and the purified contrast with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with nickel cermet anodes. Desulfurization of the pristine coal is performed by molten caustic leaching method with a removal ratio of 80%. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of coal samples indicate that the purified coal has a more favorable structure and higher Boudouard reactivity, which is suitable as a fuel for fuel cells. The assessment of electrochemical performance reveals that the purification treatment not only makes the peak power density of SOFCs improve from 115 to 221 mW cm^?2 at 900°C but also extends their durability from 1.7 to 11.2 hours under a current density of 50 mA cm^?2 at 850°C with a fuel availability increasing from 6.25% to 40%. The postmortem analyses show that far less deposited carbon and nickel sulfide are observed on the anode surface. The fuel‐based investigation reveals that the purified coal is a promising fuel for direct carbon fuel cells.