Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection in the Western Pacific Region

BACKGROUND: Recently, there have been large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) associated with severe neurological diseases in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). To monitor the realtime trend of EV71 transmission throughout the WPR, the authors conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of EV71 infection. METHODS: Viruses were isolated from clinical samples from patients with HFMD or those with neurological complications. The EV71 isolates were identified by microneutralization assay. The VP4 and/or VP1 regions of recent EV71 isolates were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using reference EV71 strains. RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis of EV71 isolates from the WPR revealed two major genogroups, B and C, based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of the VP1 or VP4 region. These two major genogroups were further divided into subgenogroups, B1, B2, B3, and B4 and C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular epidemiological analyses of recent and previous EV71 isolates in the WPR indicated that two major genogroups of EV71 are co-circulating in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Japan. Recent EV71 isolates in Mainland China constitute a new distinct genetic cluster, subgenogroup C4. Two major lineages of EV71 are the major causative agents of the present HFMD epidemics in the WPR and both are considered to be neurovirulent.     

不同外科手消毒方法对手部皮肤影响的研究

目的比较3种常用外科手消毒方法对手部皮肤的影响。方法选择含乙醇无水洗手液揉搓、碘伏海绵擦手和碘伏刷手等3种外科手消毒方法,比较其即刻消毒效果和对手部皮肤的影响。结果3种外科手消毒方法都有良好的即刻消毒效果,含乙醇无水洗手液揉搓方法较碘伏消毒方法对皮肤损伤小。结论在外科手消毒时建议使用无水洗手液揉搓消毒的方法。     

Risk of mucocutaneous toxicities in patients with solid tumors treated with sunitinib: a critical review and meta analysis

Introduction: we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of mucocutaneous toxicities associatedwith sunitinib, an oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Methods: eligible studies included randomized Phase II and III trials of patients with solid tumors on sunitinib daily, describing events of hand–foot syndrome, skin rash, stomatitis, and skin and hair discoloration. Results: the relative risk (RR) of all-grade hand–foot skin reaction, skin rash, stomatitis, skin and hair discoloration were 2.12 (95% CI: 1.28–3.51; p < 0.004), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.15–1.54; p < 0.0002), 1.88 (95% CI: 1.36–2.59; p = 0.0001), 16.6 (95% CI: 4.18–64.94 p < 0.003), 4.42 (95% CI: 0.8–24.5; p < 0.09); respectively. Conclusions: our meta-analysis has demonstrated that sunitinib is associated with a higher risk of developing all-grade hand–foot skin reaction, skin rash, stomatitis and skin discoloration compared with control. Clinicians should be aware of these risks and perform regular clinical monitoring.     

一个非综合征手足裂畸形家系的临床调查及遗传学分析

目的分析一先天性手足裂伴并指／趾畸形家系的临床表现，并从分子水平查找致病原因，为罹患家庭提供遗传咨询。方法通过X线检查资料及手足裂外观照片，对家系3代现存3例患者（共4例患者）进行临床分析，对3例患者用常规方法制备外周血淋巴细胞染色体标本，进行G显带核型分析。从7名家系成员（包含3例患者）外周血样品中提取基因组DNA。针对p63基因全部15个外显子及删rJ0b基因5个外显子进行引物设计合成、PCR扩增、回收纯化并测序。结果家系中现存3名患者均表现为双手中央分裂，其中1例患者双足呈楔形裂开，2例患者右足均为第3、4趾并指，皮肤黏连；G显带核型分析未发现染色体畸变；p63基因未检测到突变，删rJ0b基因的外显子5a中发现一个碱基突变c．1058C〉T。结论通过家系内息者临床表型分析，可将该疾病类型确定为非综合征手足裂畸形，且临床症状逐代加重。测序结果提示p63基因和删rJ0b基因关键区域内的点突变都不是引起该家系手足裂畸形的原因。     

社区护士手卫生知识知晓情况及影响因素研究

摘要〓目的〓了解社区护士对手卫生知识的知晓率情况,深度分析影响社区护士手卫生的相关因素。方法〓采用便利抽样的方法选取长春市的4个行政区,用整群抽样法抽取25家社区卫生机构的252名护士,对手卫生知识进行问卷调查。应用单因素和多元线性回归法对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果〓社区护士手卫生知晓率总分为16.73±2.15,单因素分析显示,不同年龄、工龄、职称和受教育程度对手卫生知识知晓率影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归显示,工龄、文化程度和职称是社区护士手卫生知识知晓率的影响因素。结论〓长春市社区护士手卫生知识知晓率水平较低,管理者应采取相应措施来提高护士手卫生知识知晓率,有效防止社区卫生机构感染的发生。     

Effects of hand cycle training on wheelchair capacity during clinical rehabilitation in persons with a spinal cord injury

Purpose.?To evaluate the effects of a structured hand cycle training programme on physical capacity in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) during clinical rehabilitation.

Method.?Twenty subjects with SCI who followed hand cycle training were compared with matched control subjects from a Dutch longitudinal cohort study, who received usual care.

Primary outcomes of physical capacity were peak power output (PO_peak), peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) and oxygen pulse during a hand rim wheelchair test. Secondary outcome measures were isometric peak muscle strength of the upper extremities and pulmonary function. Hand cycle capacity (PO_peak and VO_2peak) was evaluated in the training group only.

Results.?Strong tendencies for improvement were found in wheelchair capacity, reflected by PO_peak and oxygen pulse after additional hand cycle training. Significant effects on shoulder exo- and endo-rotation and unilateral elbow flexion strength were found but no improvements on pulmonary function.

Conclusions.?Additional hand cycle training during clinical rehabilitation seems to show similar or slightly favourable results on wheelchair capacity and muscle strength compared with regular care. The heterogeneous subject group and large variation in training period may explain the limited effects of additional hand cycle training on wheelchair capacity.     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital upper limb differences: a current concept review

Congenital upper limb differences are frequently associated with complex syndromes. Ultrasonography is considered as the first-line diagnostic modality, and fetal MRI can be useful to further evaluate ill-defined areas. Genetic and non-invasive prenatal testing help to identify the underlying genetic disorder. The diagnostic assessment is a multidisciplinary task that should involve early prenatal consultations with specialists involved in case management and treatment planning. Obstetricians, geneticists, radiologists, psychologists and dedicated surgeons are needed to provide good parental education, prenatal and postnatal care, and successful outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinicopathologic background, current diagnostic and imaging procedures in affected fetuses.     

某院医务人员手和工作服清洁度调查

目的了解某院工作中医务人员手和工作服的清洁度。方法对该院各病房工作中的医务人员手和工作服进行采样检测。结果共采集342份标本,其中手标本173份,工作服标本169份,总合格率为78.65%,其中手、工作服合格率分别为76.30%、81.07%。不同医务人员手、工作服合格率分别比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);均以护士最高(分别为87.93%、92.86%),医生次之(分别为75.86%、87.72%),医辅人员最低(分别为64.91%、62.50%)。普通病房医务人员手和工作服合格率进行相关性分析,两者的相关系数为0.930(P0.01)。结论该院工作中医务人员手和工作服的清洁度需要进一步提高,尤其是医辅人员;医务人员工作服的清洗频次和使用中的清洁标准还需要更深入的研究。